What A Time You Be An Entrepreneur ! - 813 Words

What a time to be an Entrepreneur! It seems that everywhere you look people are launching new ventures. Whether they quit their day job to go out it alone or freelance their skills on the side -- entrepreneurship is the new black. Social media shows you the glamorous side - celebrating new clients, picking a logo, launching a site. However, as we saw with working at home, the shiny newness of being your own boss will definitely wear off. After the honeymoon phase comes the actual work. The real hustle. The part where days run together and the to do list seems never ending. Days when inspiration is just as low as incoming client numbers. The hustle is hard, but when worked right -- it is rewarding. Without being properly prepared, this phase is where many business fail. This phase exposes weakness, tests willpower and drains motivation. It is here that entrepreneurs learn that a successful launch does not make a successful business. A successful business is determined by what one does after the business gets off the ground. The hard part comes in keeping the business from crashing. These 5 Major Key’s will help you hustle harder and smarter, making sure that both you and your business survive. Make your Actions and Words Align Complaining ruins everything. When times get hard, the way you speak over yourself and your business can help or hurt you. Setbacks are inevitable, and by my calculations failure doesn’t exist. Business is about outcomes, desired orShow MoreRelatedMan vs Wild1575 Words   |  7 PagesEntrepreneur Interview Report Instructions and Grade Sheet Entrepreneurship Individual Assignment Worth Up to 75 Points Purpose This assignment is modeled after the nationwide â€Å"Take an Entrepreneur to Lunch† competition sponsored by the Acton Foundation (actonhero.org). You will learn information that is not in any textbook, and add an important person to your personal network. 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Himachal Pradesh an Overview - 9238 Words

Himachal Pradesh: the Land of Gods. 10/7/2011 ROSHNI RAMCHANDANI Himachal Pradesh: History and Geography Pre History amp; Early History The history of Himachal Pradesh dates back to around two million years. At this point of time, people lived in the foothills of Himachal Pradesh. These original inhabitants of Himachal, the Kols and the Mundas, were forced by the people of the great Indus valley civilization to move up to the hills. The Indus valley civilization prospered here between 2250 and 1750 BC. The second wave of migrants to the state saw Mongoloid, like Bhota and Kiratas coming in. However, the most important lot of people entered the area only afterwards in the third wave of migration. These were Aryans from Central Asia.†¦show more content†¦But even at the end of the first Anglo Sikh war, these rulers did not get back their kingdom (which was taken over by the Sikhs). The British Period amp; Struggle For Independence The revolt of the 1857 did not see much participation from the people of the hill. They preferred to stay away from the revolt and infact some of the rulers even extended help to the Britishers. Few exceptions here included the ruler of Bushahr. Between the year 1858 and 1914, the hill states of Chamba, Mandi and Bilaspur prospered under the British rule and even supported the latter during the first world war. The important states that contributed their men and money for the first world war included Kangra, Siba, Nurpur, Chamba, Suket, Mandi and Bilaspur. After 1914, things began to change and the people came out to participate in the freedom movement of India. Post Independence Himachal Pradesh became a part C state on 26th January 1950 and a Union Territory on 1st November, 1956. In between, Bilaspur was made a part of it in 1950. Kangra and other hill states were merged into the Union territory of Himachal Pradesh in the year 1966. 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Global Marketing Strategies Luxury Goods

Question: Discuss about the Global Marketing Strategies for Luxury Goods. Answer: Introduction: The report is about preparing the marketing plan for Haighs chocolate that is based in Adelaide, South Australia. Organization intends to expand the awareness of the brand interstate and around the world. It is required to develop new marketing opportunities for the product and accordingly designing the marketing plan. SWOT analysis of the brand has been performed and thereafter-marketing mix would be designed for launching the new product or packaging the existing product range with different innovation. The potential problems that might arise with launching of the product would also be analyzed. The marketing strategy to be developed would be creative, fun marketing and practical. Haighs Chocolate is the oldest family owned chocolate maker in Australia. Organization is committed to art of making premium chocolate making from the cocoa bean. It mainly targets young couples and people who are purchasing chocolates for gifting and consumption purpose. It has strong brand legacy as it is successfully operating since 1912 (haighschocolate.com.au 2017). Haighs chocolate sells wide variety of chocolates in attractive packages such as dark chocolates, milk chocolates and liquor chocolates. Consumers personally received assistance from the organization in selecting gifts for different occasions (Aichner 2014). Chocolate is manufactured using artisans skills that are combined with specialized techniques that helps in creating award-winning chocolates. It produces wide variety of chocolates and super brand chocolates, candies, confectionary products, cocoa powder. Some of the direct competitor of the Haighs chocolate are Harrods, Godiva chocolatier, Charbonel et Walker a nd La Maison Du Chocolat. Indirect competitors include Jelly Belly, Selamique and hattie. Haighs chocolate is intending to create awareness about the brand so that it is recognized worldwide. This is done by packaging its current range of products in different packages for different occasions such as Valentines Day and on World Food day. The objective of the marketing plan is to create and build awareness of wide range of products of Haighs Chocolate interstate and worldwide. Marketing plan would place such strategy that would help the brand in increasing its recognition. Developed marketing plan will help the confectionary company is achieving its vision. The innovation platform of the company would be seasonality, functionality and health. Haighs chocolate can enhance its seasonal sales by taking advantage of cultural nuances (Babin and Zikmund 2015). Organization has three differentiating factors and they are as follows It has shifted from cottage industry to sophisticated manufacturing retailer. Haighs longevity as growing family owned and successful business. Company has created itself as luxury brand with high quality products commanding premium price (Stringer 2015). SWOT analysis Strength- Strong brand is associated with the strength of the company.as it has been in operation for more than hundred years. Haighs produces wide range of products and chocolates of high quality that are available in luxurious packages (Bilgic et al. 2015). It enjoys a good brand positioning and quality and emphasis is given on sales promotion. There is a wide range of products such as dark chocolate, milk chocolates and liquor. Manufacturing of the chocolates is open to visit by public at their factory. Weakness- Haighs chocolates is not able to expand their business in various other attempts that would lead to lower market share. It is responsible for inability to build the certification from the fair trade foundation (Corley 2014). Products are not of export quality and packaging of the products is not attractive and follows a single flavor. Compare to other brands in Australia, Haighs chocolate does not have products mix and lacks varieties other than milk drinks and wafers. During festival occasion, brand is incapable of producing designer and innovative chocolates. Opportunity- It can increase the product ranges such as jellies, toffees, gums, lollipop, and unsweetened baked chocolates. In terms of gift offers, there is a high level of opportunity with respect to development and growth. There is an opportunity for the brand to excel via e commerce that is providing customers with online selling and delivering options (Chernev 2015). Opportunity is available in its home country as well as global upfront. Threat- Highs chocolates faces strong level of competition with various competitors and chocolate companies in Australia. One of the major threat is to manage and maintain higher quality of perishable goods. Image and reputation of brand is being damaged due to chocolate whitening and lack of storage. Some of the strong competitions arises from chocolate companies such as May Field Chocolates and Cadbury Nestle. From the discussion of the SWOT analysis of Haighs chocolate, it can de deduced that the brand suffers from weakness in areas mainly related with packaging of the products and lack of producing innovative and designs chocolates (Saunders 2015). Therefore, the marketing plan will have strategies that would innovate the products packaging. Developing product strategy using marketing theories The action plan while developing marketing strategy would also incorporate packaging guideline of Australia that is based on number of principles. This is regard to packaging of the product. Another strong driver for the growth of the company is making innovation in the existing products. While deciding on the product strategy, one of the marketing theories that the organization can rely upon is Product market expansion grid. This Grid was generally specified by Ansoff matrix. The expansion grid is used for product planning by company when they are looking for expanding the products range by entering in the new markets. Haigh can develop various strategies by comparing with the product market. Expansion grid consist of four strategies. They are strategy for market penetration and product development, diversification and market development strategy (Rundh and Rundh 2016). In this case, Haigh should rely on product diversification and strategy of product development. Product development is used for introducing new product in the existing market. Haigh can also make use of diversification strategy when introducing new products in new market of Australia as well as in the global upfront. The new product will come with some of the innovation such as introducing chocolates with dry fruits flavor and will be made of finest ingredients (Valentino and Caroli 2014). It will be available free of coloring and without any added preservatives. New developed chocolates targeting newer global front will have sumptuous fillings such as caramel, wafers, biscuits and praline. Such chocolates will have balance between milk and dry fruits pieces and would have a desirable blend of milk chocolate with hint of ground peanut pieces, peanut cream cater and softest caramel (Ried 2013). Marketing of products can be done on World Food Day and players are positioning this type of premium chocolates as gifting options. Another innovation is to be made in the current packaging of the products, as it is not attractive. Packaging of the products can be changed during the season of Valentines Day. It can be said that deliciousness of chocolates can be exuded through packaging. Packaging designs of chocolates should be inspiring enough for Valentine day. This will lure customers to buy chocolates for gifting to their partners and loved ones. Haighs provides its customer with chocolates in regular packages, which is not attractive as it should be to young generation. Offering the products of chocolates in different flavors and colors will attract the customers and helps in increasing sales. The packaging strategy would involve colorful packaging, as it will be creative to appeal to the target audience. Haigh can joint with some companies incorporating the season into product packaging. Packaging of the products can be done in optimized way that is done in terms with the fabrics (Ramli 2016). Seasonal pac kaging would have the variations with the change. It ca follow sustainable packaging guidelines. Packaging of chocolates should be creative enough and each chocolate should present special features of different places in Australia from where the ingredients has been derived. Haighs chocolate can also go for biodegradable packaging as it helps them in tackling with the waste problems. It would also represents an eco-movement by the company Such type of packaging would be planted after use by giving package new life after use and leaving no waste. Company can also wrap the chocolate bars in paper that is made from husk of Cocoa husk waste. Chocolates packaging for valentine day should go beyond the heart shaped box. Chocolates should themselves incorporate personalized and card like elements (Ried 2013). Future expansion of Haighs chocolate is done by keeping a close eyes on chocolate market of USA and Europe. The local development of the product is driven by overseas trends. Culture of Haighs chocolate is continuously innovate and experiments with different flavors (Westwood 2016). Marketing mix Product- The new developed product will be product by adding different flavors, which would appeal to the target audience. Since the chocolates manufactured by company has only single flavor, producing the product by adding different flavor would be the best strategy. Chocolate manufacturer would also design promotion and store successfully. This will help in producing the basis for international chocolate brand for the various chocolates of Haighs brand. Another feature that will be added to the new developed product will be chocolates with lower fat content. This will be done by adding the application of an electric field charge in the direction of flow of liquid chocolate. This would help in lowering the viscosity of liquid and would enable the manufacturers to reduce the minimum amount of fat that is required in maintaining flow in pipeline. Company would be meticulous about quality standards of nuts, fruits and cocoa beans that is used in manufacturing of chocolates (Pride and F errell 2016). The new product will have new ingredients such as dry fruits and would have sumptuous fillings. Product will also have the balance of blended milk and dry fruits. Introducing new product with low chocolate will be an attracting factor. This is so because people are increasingly becoming health conscious. They are getting more inclined to buying the chocolates that provide health benefits. Global chocolate market has been facing the challenge of increasing incidence of obesity among consumers. 26% of the total world population in the year 2014 were overweight (Peck et al. 2013). Product has been designed taking health aspect into consideration. This would provide the customers with added advantage and would appeal the target audience. Price- Pricing of the products is decided based on its nomenclature. Another factor is the mechanism of demand and supply that determines the pricing of the products. Apart from it, since the chocolates are of premium quality. There is premium pricing of the product and when the products will be exported at global level. Price of products, which are exported, would include taxation charge as well (Park et al. 2015). Place- Operation of products of Haigh is done under the vertical integrated model of supply chain. There are some of places in Australia where the people are not aware of the product as no advertising is performed. Stores are mainly dominant in South Australia. Places where the company does not have stores, and such areas are fit for promotion of new products. Promotion should be done in a manner that helps in maximizing the capacity of products in all areas (Mosca 2016). Promotion- There would be an ongoing and continuous communications with the customers regarding products. Target audience are mainly communicated about sustainability and packaging with the help of various means of promotion. It makes use of various social media such as social media, advertisements and magazines. Haighs chocolates would connect its customers with innovation and ideas of the new products with the help of print media. Initiatives are successfully promoted by way of designs of packaging. Distribution process of chocolates or any products will be in possible mode if promotion of products is done through whole sell offering and retail stores (Palmatier et al. 2016). Display of stores needs to be strategically designed that will appeal to customers arriving at stores and thereby increasing sales. Identification of potential problems in launching products- When launching new products, it is certainly possible for the company to encounter with several problems and they are listed down below: Some of the issue would be regarding the ingredient used in manufacturing of the chocolates. Sugar content of chocolates has been subject to negative headlines in the mainstream of media and it is labelled as new tobacco. Higher content of sugar is supposed to have harmful effect on the body. Therefore, Haighs chocolate needs to reformulate their products is such way that it helps in improving their nutritional credentials. Recipes of manufacturing chocolates should be done in a way to limit calorie content and reduction of saturated fats. Therefore, the main challenge would be optimum use of nutrients and problems would they face in maintaining lower sugar levels in chocolates. Reduction is sugar is considered quite challenging as it has an impact upon the taste and texture of chocolate (Johansson et al. 2016). The larger modification of recipes of chocolates would lead to backlash of consumers. Food processing sector is the main driver of expansion of the products in new international markets. It is quite possible that such markets will not have processing sector suitable to the manufacturing units of organization. There can be other problems related to distribution, price, marketing efforts resistance by market staffs in product expansion in newer geographical markets (Khler and Logemann 2016). Recommendation: The company has huge market that is untapped for the products and such market needs to be targeted through support of online media based sales and operational levels. Products of company are appreciated through for a variety of sales and tastes throughout the years, as the brand is synonymous with taste and quality of handmade chocolate. It is necessary for company to focus on increasing its market share by widening its network of distribution and look for new market in and outside Australia. Haigh should introduce range of chocolate and the pricing of the product like the packages for gift will help in beating the competition of giants like Cadbury. Diversification of portfolio of products of company should be done by specializing in other relevant raw materials like coffee. Company will expand into geographies where the customers demand high quality of chocolates. There is a need to improve the infrastructure mainly in relation to storage of perishable products. Haigh would be able to make its customers pay premium price for buying its quality products by showing environmental concerns and by taking steps towards business sustainability. Conclusion: It can be concluded from above discussion that the business of confectionary is getting highly competitive with the entry of large number of firms in the market. There are huge manufacturers that have been dominating markets of chocolate in Australia such as Mayfield Chocolates, Cadbury nestle, Godiva Chocolatier and Haighs chocolate. It is necessary for company like Haighs chocolate to make investment in applying promotional techniques and of sales promotion, this will help them in increasing the market share of chocolate industry. Making use of online social media will help them in providing delivery in global markets. Due to less barrier in the industry and focusing on just single market would lead to significant reduction in the market share of such industry. It will help in increasing the quantum of competition in the industry and will make the company realize their competitive advantage. Therefore, in order to provide growth to the business of Haighs chocolate. Reference: Aichner, T., 2014. Country-of-origin marketing: A list of typical strategies with examples.Journal of Brand Management,21(1), pp.81-93. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Bilgic, E., Kantardzic, M. and Cakir, O., 2015, July. Retail Store Segmentation for Target Marketing. InIndustrial Conference on Data Mining(pp. 32-44). Springer International Publishing. Chernev, A., 2015.The marketing plan handbook. Cerebellum Press. Corley, T., 2014. Marketing and business history, in theory and practice.Adding Value-Brands and Marketing in Food and Drink (London, 1994), pp.93-115. Gabrielli, V. and Baghi, I., 2016. Online brand community within the integrated marketing communication system: When chocolate becomes seductive like a person.Journal of Marketing Communications,22(4), pp.385-402. Haighschocolates.com.au. (2017).Tours - Haigh's Chocolates. [online] Available at: https://www.haighschocolates.com.au/tours [Accessed 6 Apr. 2017]. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Johansson, L., Liljenberg, C. and Nordin, C., 2016. Cause Related Marketing-The determining factors behind consumers intention to participate in different types of Cause Related Marketing campaigns. Khler, I. and Logemann, J., 2016. Towards marketing management.The Routledge Companion to Marketing History, p.371. Mosca, F. ed., 2016.Global Marketing Strategies for the Promotion of Luxury Goods. IGI Global. Palmatier, R., Stern, L., El-Ansary, A. and Anderson, E., 2016.Marketing channel strategy. Routledge. Park, S.H., Ungson, G.R. and Cosgrove, A., 2015. Positioning Firms for Profitable Growth. InScaling the Tail: Managing Profitable Growth in Emerging Markets(pp. 51-66). Palgrave Macmillan US. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M. and Payne, A., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Pride, W.M. and Ferrell, O.C., 2016.Foundations of marketing. Nelson Education. Ramli, N.S., 2016. A Review of Marketing Strategies from the European Chocolate Industry.Browser Download This Paper. Ried, K., 2013. Dark chocolate and (pre-) hypertension. InChocolate in Health and Nutrition(pp. 313-325). Humana Press. Rundh, B. and Rundh, B., 2016. The role of packaging within marketing and value creation.British Food Journal,118(10), pp.2491-2511. Saunders, N.L., 2015.The De Villiers Chocolate Experience(Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg). Stringer, R., 2015. Vanuatu: Bean to bar: Vanuatu chocolate.Partners in Research for Development, (1), p.10. Thaichon, P., Jebarajakirthy, C., Tatuu, P. and Gajbhiyeb, R.G., 2017. Are You a Chocolate Lover? An Investigation of the Repurchase Behavior of Chocolate Consumers.Journal of Food Products Marketing, pp.1-14. Valentino, A. and Caroli, M.G., 2014. Taking advantages from green marketing plan, in Managing and governing innovative industrial areas integrated guidelinesa handbook.MER e-book. Westwood, J., 2016.How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers.

Mental disorder free essay sample

Mental disorder can be classified in many ways. Earliest attempts can be traced back to the ancient Greece. In 5 B. C. Hippocrates tried to establish a classification system for mental disorder. He used words such as mania, hysteria to classify mental illness. In the course of time the vocabulary had been enhanced by word such as circular madness, paranoia etc. However, the first classification system with real scientific profile was provided by Emil Kreapelin (1856-1926). Nowadays, the World Health Organization? International Classification of Diseases 10 ( ICD -10) and the American Psychiatric Association? s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of Mental disorders) IV (DSM – IV TR) (2000) are the most commonly used classification systems in the world. They two have gone through several revisions before the most recent versions could be published. The ICD is an international classification system for all diseases, which did not include any diagnostic criteria for mental disorde r before the 6th version of ICD have been published. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental disorder or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DSM IV TR is the primary system used in the USA to classify and diagnose people. The first two manuals were published in 1952 and 1968. The two were criticized for their low reliability/validity and bad utility of syndromal diagnosis. The third edition (1972) was an important development, as it was the first empirical based nomenclature of the DSMs. It improved the reliability, validity and utility of syndromal diagnosis substantially. It introduced the multiaxial approach of five scales, which is characteristic for the 4th edition of DSM. Professionals are using those five axes to asset the patient`s presenting complaint. It is quite common that patients are classified as having two different disorders from Axis I or Axis II respectively. The new edition DSM IV (1994), chaired by the psychiatrist Allen Frances, should provide a better documentation of the empirical support. The purpose was to improve the utility of the manual and the congruency with ICD -10. DSM IV TR (2000) is the most current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The difference between DSM IV TR and his predecessors it, that DSM IV TR is based on data analysis and re-analysis, literature reviews and field trials. The predecessors were generally focused on descriptive rather than etiological factors. Also, all version of DSM including the last one still do not suggest treatment approaches. The following list illustrates the five axes and what they represent, with an example for each axes. Axis I Mental disorder 300. 4 Dysthymic Disorder 315. 00 Reading Disorder Axis II Personality disorders and mental retardation V71. 09 No diagnosis Axis III Physical conditions and disorders 382. 9 Otitis media, recurrent Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental Stressors/Problems Victim of child neglect Axis V Global Assessment of Function using the GAF scale GAF = 53 (current)† The Code of DSM IV match with some codes in ICD -10. The ‘diagnostic criteria’ for a particular condition is represented by those codes. The Diagnostic criteria for 295. 90 is an example of criteria used by DSMIV to diagnose a person’s present complaint â€Å"Diagnostic criteria for 295. 90 Undifferentiated Type: A type of Schizophrenia in which symptoms that meet Criterion A are present, but the criteria are not met for the Paranoid, Disorganized, or Catatonic Type. According to’ this diagnostic criteria’, it is also necessary to look up for the criteria of Schizophrenia. In 1996 the study: â€Å"Prevalence of DSM IV Diagnostic Criteria of Insomnia: Distinguishing Insomnia Related to Mental Disorders from Sleep Disorders† (Maurice M. Ohayon) was aimed to examine whether DSM IV Diagnostic criteria is a necessary tool to determine whether a person suffering from a sleep disorder or whether the insomnia constitutes a symptom of a mental disorder. Thereby 5622 people from the French population were interviewed over the telephone by some persons, which had no experiences in psychiatric diagnosis. The persons had been trained to use the Sleep-Eval knowledge- based system (Ohayon, 1994), which is a diagnostic tool for administration and management of telephone surveys. The results illustrated the need and importance of standardized classification systems to distinguishing between sleep disorder and insomnia constitutes a symptom of a mental disorder. Nowadays, it is also possible to distinguish between schizophrenia and mood disorder with psychotic symptoms. This is important as diagnosis and the therapeutic approach change. Patient’s, which have been described in the past as having â€Å"hysteria† achieve appropriate treatments, rather than shut away for protection of others. National/international consultation and empirical studies enable a new partnership between clinical psychiatry and the cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, behavioral psychotherapies. The relationship enable to come up with a combined treatment. For some mental disorders the use of combined treatments has been written down in specialized literature. For examplePatient suffering with social phobia are mostly treated with antidepressants as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It is possible to eliminate the physical symptoms resulting from anxiety with antidepressants drugs, but the decreased sociability, bad assertiveness etc. need to be treated with other therapies as CBT. Blashfield and Draguns (1976) described the utility the manuals as a helpful scientific tool. They see them as a consensual language, which enable the professionals to communicate. Also, â€Å"a means for organizing and retrieving information, because an item? name is a key to its literature and knowledge accrues to the type†. He sees it as a template to describe the differences and similarities between patients or to make predictions about course and results. Further, standardized classification systems enable and promote empirical research in psychopathology. Besides, the DSM IV and the ICD-10 do not provide any causes of mental disorder. But as the individuals are assigned to groups that share the same signs and symptoms, it is a helpful as well as necessary tool to indicate what causes some mental disorder. However, it is important to remember that diagnoses are not mad by the criteria; diagnoses are made by clinicians, who use those criteria as a guideline. DSM IV â€Å"cannot simply be applied in a cookbook fashion† . A person needs to be trained in the use of DSM IV before assessing another person’s present complaint. Thus, the DSM IV is just a guideline for professionals, which aim it is to confirm a diagnosis, but do not replace the clinical diagnosis itself. But the clinical diagnosis based on perception, intuition, and feelings that arise from the unique relation between the patient and the therapist. Each therapist may interpret the unique relation in a different way, so that the diagnosis would differ among different professionals. Besides, DSM IV included different diagnoses, which share many criteria. Therefore, it makes it more difficult for professionals to come up with the right diagnoses. The predecessors of DSM IV showed low reliability. Beck (1962) examined that two psychiatrist agreed only 54 % of time while diagnosing the present complaints of 153 patients. The most data of Reliability and validity of DSM IV categories are coming from field trial reports. Those studies show a higher reliability compares to the predecessors, as DSM IV provides more clearly stated criteria and symptoms. Also, structured interviews schedules helped to improve the diagnostic reliability. However, according to Nathan and Langenbucher (1999) reliability has been improved just on few categories, but the most categories still tend to provide unreliable diagnostic. Westen agrues, especially diagnosing Axis II (personal disorder) provide unreliable outcomes, as no operational criteria is been given. Also, The DSM IV Definition of Mental Disorder makes it more complicated for the clinicians to distinguish between uncommon or unusual behaviour and psychopathological behaviour. The definition is too spread out and included behavior with is not necessarily pathological. When using the diagnostic criteria, it can produce false positives, because of failure of symptom criteria to indicate an underlying dysfunction. For example extreme sadness and associated symptoms of depression can be a result of a normal reaction to extreme loss or to a mental disorder. The â€Å"concept of comorbidity† is the â€Å"occurrence of two or more mental disorders or other medical conditions in the same individual†. In the mental health area it represents the inability to come up with a single diagnosis, rather than multiple diagnoses. The problem is due to diagnostic criteria, which had been tripled since the development of DSM I. Critics argue that many diagnostic labels can be seen as one diagnosis, rather than subdivide them (e. g. Marzuk, 1996) When assessing a patient’s present complaint only present symptoms has to be considered. Diagnostics should not show cultural or gender bias. Recent research argues that the last edition of DSM IV is gender biased (Adler, Drake, amp; Teague, 1990). Some claim that DSM IV is biased against females. Also, it has been found that DSM IV is cultural biased (Garb, 1997). There are many other problems of DSM IV, but it would need an own essay.

Music Appreciation Romantic Period (Practice) Flashcard

Music Appreciation: Romantic Period (Practice)

The Polis essays

The Polis essays During the Archaic Period of Ancient Greece, many communities segregated themselves into small, subdivided city-states. Such cities were small, but managed to establish the very roots of democracy today. The term polis can be defined as an independent state governed by its population. Such a definition is accurate, however also could be considered broad and constricted. In deeper aspects, the polis was an organized state or community that worked together in upholding equivalent rights with an effort to prevent tyranny, or a state governed by one person. The polis went through extensive political efforts to maintain its unity and natural rights. Such qualities of a state led to other enhancements of the polis such as the social, religious, and economic aspects of joined community. The polis developed shortly after Cultural Revolution of ancient Greece during the early Archaic Period. During this time period almost every aspect of life went experienced a major change. Socially and politically Greece began to develop greater stability. Unlike other areas, which developed mostly into personal leadership, Greece followed an antagonistic political principle of unity and basic equality. The polis emerged from such political ideology to form a state of equal natural rights and the absence of tyranny. Some of the major reasons why Greece did not develop single rulers were because of financially weak kings, weapons which made war chiefs obsolete in strategic commanding, geographical isolation, and a simplicity of Greek life which withheld principles of equality. Such conditions helped curve the development of the polis. Politically, the polis was known to be well established. The political structure of the polis was based upon its value of equal representation and natural rights. Therefore the major office was filled with different officials managing different aspects of the community. One official might conduct...

Prisons in the united states Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prisons in the united states - Research Paper Example Furthermore, new policies on combating drug trafficking have contributed to the rise in incarceration rates significantly. Similarly, the public demand tougher actions from the criminal justice system. There is overrepresentation of people of color in American criminal justice system (parole, jail, probation). According to Clear, Cole & Reisig (2008, p.471), â€Å"African American men are imprisoned in United States at a rate more than three times higher than white males.† In addition, male population under the criminal justice system is higher than female population. The prison system in the US, especially in relation to mass imprisonment has led to collapse of the family units, as parents get imprisoned leaving behind their children. Indeed, the number of single parent householders has increased due to incarceration. Thus, this paper will compare the rate of incarceration in America and other countries, explore the factors contributing to mass imprisonment, significance of g ender and race in criminal justice system, and addresses cultural implication of mass imprisonment, conditions of confinement and what we can learn about the American society from the way it treats its prisoners. Describe the rate of incarceration in the U.S. ... According to Conrad (2005, p. 223), â€Å"the rate of incarceration for the United States is 702 for every 100,000 American citizens, the highest rates in the World.† Indeed, the rate of incarceration in the United States is 5-6 times more than other industrialized countries (Mauer, 2003, p.3). The graph below illustrates the incarceration rates in US in comparison with other countries. Source: Mauer, M., (2003). Comparative International Rates of Incarceration: An Examination of Causes and Trends. http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/inc_comparative_intl.pdf Besides, America reports more cases of violent crimes than other industrialized countries. Why does the United States lead other industrialized nations in mass imprisonment? The United States leads other industrialized nations in mass incarceration level due to high numbers of violent crimes, porous borders with Mexico, which inflates drugs trafficking, racial turmoil, criminal justice policies, and degradati on of social safety net. In addition, the criminal justice system incarcerates more minor offenders than other nations. Essentially, a large percentage of incarcerated person in the US are put behind due to drug and substance trafficking. Other countries do not impose stringent laws prohibiting drugs trafficking; hence, they have fewer inmates on trafficking grounds. Thus, the America’s measure to combat drug trafficking has led to more incarcerated persons serving longer sentences. Similarly, there is a higher rate of violent crimes related to drugs cartels in America in comparison with other countries. The US criminal justice system is also influenced by democracy; primarily, courts judges, prosecutors are elected, and hence they are subject to public

Assess Kant's ethics of duty and freedom as a response to all previous Essay

Assess Kant's ethics of duty and freedom as a response to all previous ethical theories - Essay Example In his "Critique on Pure Reason" Kant portrays a view of rationalists such as Descartes as being overly concerned with divinity and divine intervention. He felt that the preoccupation with the role of God in the control of human thoughts, feelings and actions posed a very clear contradiction to the inherent will of man. He adamantly opposed the philosophy of Descartes in that he feels that Descartes reaffirmed his existence of God by alluding to the notion that conceptualizing something in one's mind actually makes it real. Essentially his fundamental problem was with the notion of "I think therefore I am" as proposed by Descartes. He argued that making a presumption that something exists and using that presumption as proof of the same bears no merit in arriving at the truth. Moreover, Kant objected to the passivity attributed to the human mind by the rationalists. His objection to the empiricist school of thought can be found in the fact that empiricists such as Locke portrayed an incomplete view of the mind and human motivation. He felt that the empiricist viewpoint was somewhat esoteric in nature in that it was effective in arriving at the notion that the mind was a "blank table" but it failed to expand on its implications. His main criticism could be found in the notion that empiricism often underestimated the role of reasoning in the construction of a knowledge base. He felt that empiricists viewed the mind as a passive entity while in Kant's view the mind was an active entity in which the individual plays a pivotal role in the way in which knowledge is produced. In so doing, perceptions are subject to the assessment of the individual knower and not the reverse as proposed by the empiricists. Kant was very ingenious in his use of the theories of his predecessors for arriving at a distinct theory of his own. He was able to utilize the notion of passivity of the mind in the formation of his clear and concise contradictory theory. According to Kant humans are autonomous beings and as such are capable of real self-governance. He feels that there ought not to be boundaries or limitations placed on the goodness of the human will and the real human freedom to choose. The human propensity to heteronymous influences from emotions and external norms makes them slaves to outside influences which will lead them to act immorally. Heteronomy in Kant's philosophy is the subjection to the imposition of moral choices that are exterior to the autonomy of the human will, for example in response to desires for some benefit, out of fear of unwanted repercussions to an action, or through the influence of others. A heteronymous will is constrained to act from subjective calculations or from rul es that have been set from outside and consequently lacks real freedom. An autonomous will chooses freely from pure principle on its own assessment of the objective goodness of an action that can be judged to qualify as a maxim for universal application. In his duty theory, Kant expresses the notion that there is an underlying moral law that all should adhere to and theorizes that the singular motivation for human actions should be duty and respect for the independent moral good. He maintains that the fundamental principle at the basis of all moral duties is a categorical imperative. He feels that this categorical imperative commands us to exercise our will in a particular way and can be formulated on three aspects. The

Microeconomic issue- halo effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microeconomic issue- halo effect - Essay Example nsumers tend to associate the positive quality of a personality’s image with a product and its brand, and since consumers have aspirations and desires, the seller hopes that the image associated with the product is powerful enough for the consumer to take action; first, to desire the satisfaction associated with the image, and second, to think that the product and brand linked to the image would be the means to achieve that satisfaction. This association between a person’s reputation and his words and actions is what the Halo Effect is all about (Economist.com). Thorndike in a 1920 study observed the Halo Effect at work in a study involving soldiers and the way they rated their officers. He discovered that when soldiers viewed their officer in a positive way, all the officer’s actions are viewed positively. This is the way a son would treat the punishment from a father whom the son admires: every punishment is for the son’s good, no matter how unjust the punishment may seem to an outside observer. Applied to microeconomics and the behavior of firms and consumers, the halo effect can be observed at work in many instances. In fact, the global economic crisis may have been caused by the halo effect, and the same halo effect is being used to get the world out of the crisis. Rosenzweig, writing in the McKinsey Quarterly, observed how the halo effect could explain both business success and failure, emphasizing the importance of consumer or observer perception in determining economic behavior. Among the horror stories associated with the crisis, the investment scam of Madoff shows how the halo effect contributed both to his success and failure. Madoff was an investment banker who served as the Chairman of NASDAQ, the over-the-counter stock market that boomed in the late 1990s. According to the New York Times, Madoff was able to head NASDAQ because of his high-profile lifestyle and low-key consistency in generating above-average returns for investors. His

Life Is Beautiful Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay

Life Is Beautiful Movie Analysis Film Studies Essay When a symbol is displayed people react to it according to how they have seen that symbol before. This is explained with Saussures theory of the sign where the sign/ symbol has a portrayed meaning that is conveyed and carried with it. Through the use of Signifier and Signified people constantly (without noticing) see signs and relate to them without actually paying too much attention to the message that sign has to give. If the sign does not have an item/symbol within it that goes against their own unconscious knowledge of that sign therefore they will not notice it. Roberto Benigni uses Saussures theory of the sign to convey Guidos sudden realisation that taking a shower ultimately means death he comes to this conclusion through noticing that only the children and the old are being sent to the showers and not the fit, because they are not fit to work they are being send to the showers to be removed as a problem. Through the subtle use of Saussures theory of the sign the main charact er Guido is seen as saving his son from the harshness of the concentration camp for the first time during the movie. Through the use of ideal / fantasy worlds one can escape the harsh reality of the world.Guido creates fictitious worlds. He calls Dora princess and claims to be a prince himself. Though they both know the truth, they both are more than willing to entertain the fantasy and play the game. In this way, Guidos fictions are a form of escapism, a way for him to cope with reality and imbue it with beauty. Guido also cultivates a series of coincidences so that he can appear to have manipulated fate or performed magic. Though he knows that he is simply manipulating someone else, he is not reveling in the deception; he is interested in creating another world for someone else. This underscores the idea that a persons perception is intrinsic to his reality. Guido changes the way those around him perceive the world with his manipulations, and thus he affects how they deal with the rest of the world. When Guido rides up on a horse to rescue Dora, he is entertaining the fantasy of the knight rescui ng the damsel in distress. However, he actually is rescuing her from her surroundings and actually is whisking her away on a horse. Similarly, when he tells Giosue that everything in the concentration camp is a game, he is creating a fiction to keep Giosues spirits up. However, at the end of the film, Giosue has survived the concentration camp with perseverance and bravery, and his life and the lessons he has learned are very real. In Life is Beautiful, it appears, fantasy can become reality. Through the use of fantasy the harsh world is forgotten and replaced with a ideal reality. Roberto uses fantasy to overcome reality and thus through this semiotic way Guido can save his son from the truth. Changing of the truth can make the direst moments into fun games. During the moments The movie life is beautiful is directed by Roberto Benigni and is based in two main parts, before the holocaust and during it. Guido realises taking a shower is a term for Gassing people; he decides to keep his son with him. Guido tells Joshua that the entire point of being dressed they way they are, and to hide from the guards is so that they could win a tank if he is the last one found. Guido makes out the entire experience to be a game by doing funny actions to make his son feel like this is a game instead of a concentration camp , he does this up into his own bitter end. Roberto Benigni uses the film Life Is Beautiful to show how the use of semiotics can make Guidos humorous actions during the holocaust unique in saving his son from the harshness of the holocaust. Through the use of semiotics the title of the film can be seen through the sons eyes. By the time life is beautiful was filmed many young people were too far from World War II to completely appreciate the horrors of the war and the beauty of survival Signifier 1 this is where Guido makes up the tank game. The signifier is claiming to understand German. This is signified by Guido raising his hand. By Guido doing this he protects his son from the harshness of the holocaust by making up a set of rules for the competition to win a tank. Roberto uses the simple hand raising to signify that even though he does not understand nor speak German he will pretend to in order cover the truth from his son. Again Stuart halls encoding and decoding theory is shown here as the audience knows that this is what Guido is doing even without Guido having to say it. This is Guidos death scene. In this scene Roberto displays that Guido will do anything to save his son from the harshness of the holocaust, Guido is caught looking for his wife Dora and is being marched to his death , previously he hid Joshua in a metal mail box so he would be safe. Through Stuart halls encoding and decoding theory the viewer sees this as saving his son from the harshness of the holocaust instead of just being funny for Joshua. Roberto uses winking between Joshua and Guido as a link to the imaginary game they are playing this creates a sense that he is safe and is only knocked out of the game. While marching past his son he acting as a marching toy soldier. The signifier is Guido marching like a toy soldier. Through the use of filming Guido marching as a toy soldier it shows the viewer that this is what Joshua is seeing, and nothing else before or after is seen by Joshua there for he believes fully that he will win the tank and his father is out of the game. To the audience that knows what the German concentration camps where he will be killed. The main signifiers include life is beautiful, winking marching and making up the tank game. This signifies that life is beautiful in Joshuas eyes, and that he is saved from the real truth of the holocaust. Thank you for your time and attention REFRENCE (http://changingminds.org/explanations/critical_theory/concepts/signifier_signified.htm)

Problem Areas in Legal Ethics Essay

Seeing as Wendy and Ben are both well provided for in Manuel’s will, and that their respective legitimes are protected under Articles 892, 894, and 897 of the New Civil Code, contesting the will simply to deprive Cora of Manuel’s bequeathal may be considered frivolous. For Louie to advise Wendy to sue based on unfairness may not be enough to justify the amount of time and energy that Wendy may expend in contesting Manuel’s will, a feat that may not prosper in the first place. Art. 892. If only one legitimate child or descendant of the deceased survives, the widow or widower shall be entitled to one-fourth of the hereditary estate. In case of a legal separation, the surviving spouse may inherit if it was the deceased who had given cause for the same. If there are two or more legitimate children or descendants, the surviving spouse shall be entitled to a portion equal to the legitime of each of the legitimate children or descendants. In both cases, the legitime of the surviving spouse shall be taken from the portion that can be freely disposed of by the testator. (834a) Art. 894. If the testator leaves illegitimate children, the surviving spouse shall be entitled to one-third of the hereditary estate of the deceased and the illegitimate children to another third. The remaining third shall be at the free disposal of the testator. (n) Art. 897. When the widow or widower survives with legitimate children or descendants, and acknowledged natural children, or natural children by legal fiction, such surviving spouse shall be entitled to a portion equal to the legitime of each of the legitimate children which must be taken from that part of the estate which the testator can freely dispose of. (n) In each of the instances in the articles reproduced above, Wendy will be well provided for in relation to Ben’s legitime, regardless of how he is recognized in relation to Manuel’s will. Louie may withdraw his legal services under Canon 22. 01(e) of the Rules of Professional Conduct. Canon 22 – A Lawyer Shall Withdraw His Services Only For Good Cause And Upon Notice Appropriate In The Circumstances. Rule 22. 01 – A lawyer may withdraw his services in any of the following case: (e) When the client deliberately fails to pay the fees for the services or fails to comply with the retainer agreement; Seeing as Wendy finds his standard fees unreasonable, and that she is not indigent (which would qualify her to demand equal treatment under Canon 14 and Rule 14. 4), that is, she is capable of paying his fees, there can be no reason for him to be stopped from removing himself from the case. Canon 14 – A Lawyer Shall Not Refuse His Services To The Needy. Rule 14. 04 – A lawyer who accepts the cause of a person unable to pay his professional fees shall observe the same standard of conduct governing his relations with paying clients. Similarly, there is nothing unfair or unreasonable regarding Louie’s fees as this is his standard service fee. There is absolutely no reason to be entangled in a situation enunciated in Canon 20. 04. Canon 20 – A Lawyer Shall Charge Only Fair And Reasonable Fees. Rule 20. 04 – A lawyer shall avoid controversies with clients concerning his compensation and shall resort to judicial action only to prevent imposition, injustice or fraud. Of course, Louie cannot invoke, as a reason for charging Wendy his fees, that the case would take too much of his time and skill as an attorney. Santiago vs. Fojas is specific in stating that a lawyer who accepts a case should â€Å"serve his clients with competence and diligence, and champion the latter’s cause with whole-hearted fidelity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Manuel’s will meant for P500,000. 0 to be given to Cora. If Wendy litigates for its recovery with the promise to turn over the same to Louie, it defeats the purpose of said money as inheritance. Clearly the money was meant for someone else. Louie would appear to be fighting in court for his interests rather than that of Wendy’s alleged better right over Cora to the money. More importantly, such an agreement would constitute a champertous contract, which, as defined in Bautista vs. Gonzales: An agreement whereby an attorney agrees to pay expenses of proceedings to enforce the client’s rights is champertous [JBP Holding Corp. v. U. S. 166 F.  Supp. 324 (1958)]. Such agreements are against public policy especially where, as in this case, the attorney has agreed to carry on the action at his own expense in consideration of some bargain to have part of the thing in dispute [See Sampliner v. Motion Pictures Patents Co. , et al. , 255 F. 242 (1918)]. This would not constitute a contingency fee, which is defined in Taganas vs. NLRC: A contingent fee arrangement is an agreement laid down in an express contract between a lawyer and a client in which the lawyer’s professional fee, usually a fixed percentage of what may be recovered in the action is ade to depend upon the success of the litigation. This arrangement is valid in this jurisdiction. It is, however, under the supervision and scrutiny of the court to protect clients from unjust charges. Section 13 of the Canons of Professional Ethics states that â€Å"[a] contract for a contingent fee, where sanctioned by law, should be reasonable under all the circumstances of the case including the risk and uncertainty of the compensation, but should always be subject to the supervision of a court, as to its reasonableness†. Likewise, Rule 138, Section 24 of the Rules of Court provides: Sec. 4. Compensation of attorneys; agreement as to fees. — An attorney shall be entitled to have and recover from his client no more than a reasonable compensation for his services, with a view to the importance of the subject-matter of the controversy, the extent of the services rendered, and the professional standing of the attorney. No court shall be bound by the opinion of attorneys as expert witnesses as to the proper compensation but may disregard such testimony and base its conclusion on its own professional knowledge. A written contract for services shall control the amount to be paid therefor unless found by the court to be unconscionable or unreasonable. When it comes, therefore, to the validity of contingent fees, in large measure it depends on the reasonableness of the stipulated fees under the circumstances of each case. The reduction of unreasonable attorney’s fees is within the regulatory powers of the courts. A contingent fee is dependent upon a fixed rate agreed upon by both lawyer and client, dependent on the outcome of the case, albeit with a lower rate if they lose than if they win.

Air pollution economic case for enviromental regulation

IntroductionEconomic development and prosperity takes place, several times, coupled with contamination of the urban environment. This situation is defined in economics as an externality, which is an effect from one activity which has consequences for another activity but is not reflected in market prices. When these consequences are the generation of external costs they are defined as negatives. This is the particular case of air pollution. For example, â€Å"Pollution represents an external cost because damages associated with it are borne by society as a whole and are not reflected in market transactions.†(Koomey and Krause, 1997)  Despite the fact that stricter controls were put into practice in the last years, and the observed reductions in pollution, air pollution remains as a common concern among countries.Externalities correctionsThere are four major measurable examples to correct this problem which are: Property Rights, Regulation, Taxes and subsidies, Marketable Per mits.  Although it works in few cases, small groups, if property rights are correctly defined it may avoid the problem, e.g. if a firm owns the right to clean air and can charge people for using it.  Air pollution regulations were strengthened by enactment of the Air Quality Act in 1967, which introduced a regional approach to air pollution control; and has been has been increasing in the last years, E.g., limits on vehicle emissions, controls on allowable factory emissions, smoking bans. The problem on this measure is that does not encourage change in technology uses or new technology developments.Taxes and subsidies, for example differential taxes on carbon emissions, has the benefit that the company that produces contamination â€Å"pays†, thus encouraging technology change and being more efficient.  At last, marketable permits are a number of permits issued according to a total limit of output pollution. They may be auctioned to the highest bidder, going to companie s that can not reduce pollution easily. The Clean Air Act is a well-known example of the application of the marketable permits technique.ConclusionControlling air pollution is a difficult task, plenty of trade-off decisions. Many measures have been taken to stop the problem, but many of them have proven to be inefficient. It seems that taxes and subsidies are the best measures but this might be introduced slowly into the market, thus giving time to firms to adjust their production methods. Hence is that marketable permits are a validate instrument to go together with taxes in the meanwhile.ReferencesNorberg, Johan. â€Å"In Defense of Global Capitalism†. Publisher: Cato Institute. Place of Publication: Washington, DC. Publication Year: 2003. Page Number: 229.Cherni, Judith A. â€Å"Economic Growth versus the Environment: The Politics of Wealth, Health and Air Pollution†. Publisher: Palgrave. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 1.Colls, Jeremy. â€Å"Air Pollution†. Publisher: Spon Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 21.Arya, S. Pal. â€Å"Air Pollution, Meteorology and Dispersion†. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 15.Koomey, Jonathan and Krause, Florentin. â€Å"Introduction to Environmental Externality Costs†. Year: 1997. Published in the CRC Handbook on Energy Efficiency. Energy Analysis Program. Applied Science Division. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.   

Perjury by Police Officers essays

Perjury by Police Officers essays The law requires that one who takes the stand in a courtroom under oath tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help them God. These words are universally understood to mean that once one takes that oath they are expected to adhere to them the entire time they are on the witness stand in a court of law. While it is a wonderful concept and by and large rings true the court system is aware that it does not always happen. Perjury, the act of lying under oath on a witness stand, does occur and the court is charged with deciding who is doing it and what to do about it when it happens. People lie on stands for many reasons but it is usually for the purpose of getting someone out of trouble or keeping themselves out of trouble. There are penalties for this but they are not always pursued. The cost and time involved with seeing a perjury case to the end can be prohibitive. There is one instance however, where no stone should be left unturned, and cost should not be a factor. This is the case of perjury by police officers. While everybody is expected to play by the same rules in a court of law, it is imperative that police officers believe in, uphold and follow the rights set out by the constitution. If police officers are allowed to get away with perjury it starts a very slippery slope as to the ability by citizens to live freely within the guidelines of the United States Constitution. When police officers feel comfortable committing perjury on the stand it takes away the ability of the court system to operate. The officers are the agents who make the arrests, build the cases and present it to the court. While an individual may perjure himself or herself about the limited involvement that they are aware of regarding t...

Write a Great First Sentence and Introductory Paragraph

Write a Great First Sentence and Introductory Paragraph The introductory paragraph of any paper, long or short, should start with a sentence that piques the interest of your readers.   In a well-constructed first paragraph, that first sentence leads into  three or four sentences that provide details about the  subject you address in the body of your essay. These sentences should also set the stage for  your thesis statement. Writing a good thesis statement is the subject of much instruction and training, as its the driver of your research and the subject of your paper. The entirety of your paper hangs on that sentence, which is generally the last sentence of your introductory paragraph and is refined throughout your research and drafting phases. Writing an Intro Paragraph Its often easier to write the introductory paragraph after youve written the first draft of the main part of the paper (or at least sketched out a detailed outline, section by section or paragraph by paragraph). After the drafting stage, your research and main points are fresh in your mind, and your thesis statement has been polished to gleaming. Its typically honed during the drafting stage, as research may have necessitated its adjustment. At the start of a large writing project, it can also be intimidating to put those first words down, so its often easier to begin composing in the middle of the paper and work on the introduction and conclusion after the meat of the report has been organized, compiled, and drafted. Construct your introductory paragraph with the following: An attention-grabbing first sentenceInformative sentences that build to your thesisThe thesis statement, which makes a claim or states a view that you will support or build upon Your First Sentence As you researched your topic, you probably discovered some  interesting anecdotes, quotes, or trivial facts. This is exactly the sort of thing you should use for an engaging introduction. Consider these ideas for creating a strong beginning. Surprising fact: The Pentagon has twice as many bathrooms as are necessary. The famous government building was constructed in the 1940s when segregation laws required that separate bathrooms be installed for people of African descent. This building isn’t the only American icon that harkens back to this embarrassing and hurtful time in our history. Across the United States, there are many examples of leftover laws and customs that reflect the racism that once permeated American society. Humor: When my older brother substituted fresh eggs for our hard-boiled Easter eggs, he didn’t realize our father would take the first crack at hiding them. My brother’s holiday ended early that particular day in 1991, but the rest of the family enjoyed the warm April weather, outside on the lawn, until late into the evening. Perhaps it was the warmth of the day and the joy of eating Easter roast while Tommy contemplated his actions that make my memories of Easter so sweet. Whatever the true reason, the fact remains that my favorite holiday of the year is Easter Sunday. Quotation: Hillary Rodham Clinton once said, â€Å"There cannot be true democracy unless womens voices are heard.† In 2006, when Nancy Pelosi became the nation’s first female Speaker of the House, one woman’s voice rang out clearly. With this development, democracy grew to its truest level ever in terms of women’s equality. The historical event also paved the way for Senator Clinton as she warmed her own vocal cords in preparation for a presidential race. Finding the Hook In each example, the first sentence draws the reader in to find out how the interesting fact leads to a point. You can use many methods to capture your reader’s interest. Curiosity: A duck’s quack doesn’t echo. Some people might find a deep and mysterious meaning in this fact†¦ Definition: A homograph is a word with two or more pronunciations. Produce is one example†¦ Anecdote: Yesterday morning I watched as my older sister left for school with a bright white glob of toothpaste gleaming on her chin. I felt no regret at all until she stepped onto the bus†¦ Supporting Sentences The body of your introductory paragraph should fulfill two functions: It should explain your first sentence and it should build up to your thesis statement. Youll find that this is much easier than it sounds. Just follow the pattern you see in the above examples. During the revision stage for the paper as a whole, you can make further refinements to the introduction as needed.

Why I Would Be a Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I Would Be a Teacher - Essay Example My internal desire to adopt the profession of teaching reflects my intrinsic motivation whereas the praise and professional awards, which I want to get as a teacher, reflects my extrinsic motivation to become a teacher. One of the main reasons for me to become a teacher is that it will enhance my communication skills and level of confidence. It is a fact that when a person interacts with a large group of people who are ready to hear that person, it increases the level of confidence of that person and makes him/her more vibrant and self-assured. Another thing, which makes me stand on my decision to become a teacher, is the role that a teacher plays in lightening up the future of a generation. I really want to put a positive impact on the community by helping young children in becoming enthusiastic and productive individuals for the society. I not only want to develop their personalities in a positive way but also want to provide such skills to my students, which can help them achieve personal and professional success in the future. A teacher not only puts a positive impact on the community but also gains respect for his/her own family. Those children, who gain some sort of success in their future lives, do not forget the role of teachers in their success. They respect and regard their teachers whenever they meet them and that are some of the most wonderful moments for the teachers. I also want to earn such respect by playing my role in the success of my students. Being a devoted citizen, I want to play my role in strengthening the foundations of my country and that can be possible if the future generation of my country will be fully skilled and qualified in running economic, industrial, and other state matters proficiently. I want to prove my commitment to my students by creating strong foundation for them upon which they can build the structure of their personal and professional success. I want to have a true vocation instead of

Law Enforcement as a Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law Enforcement as a Profession - Essay Example The essay "Law Enforcement as a Profession" talks about the law enforcement officials that refer to all appointed and/or elected officers of the law who exercise police powers, specifically, the powers of arrest or detention. The law enforcement officials’ main duty is the imposition of law and order in the community. This duty is performed in a variety of ways, depending on the size and type of the officials’ organization and on their respective jurisdictions. These officials are tasked to fight and arrest criminals, investigate and collect evidence for the prosecution, testify in courts, come up with written detailed reports and attend to the needs of the community in crisis and emergency situations.The educational requirements needed to start a career as a law enforcement officer vary from each country and area. Sometimes high school education is the only requirement. The majority of areas nowadays require an individual to undergo formal job training, which includes taking up of courses in criminal investigation, administration, criminal justice system, corrections, community relations and even the study of criminal law. These educational requirements should be coupled with special skills and other qualifications in order for an aspiring individual to become a law enforcement officer. Special skill requirements usually include above-average communication, judgment, decision-making and listening skills. In some areas, knowledge in accounting, computers, business or foreign languages is a plus factor.

Military Intervention and Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Military Intervention and Human Rights - Essay Example However, a general consensus has been developed about the basic idea behind humanitarian intervention; Humanitarian intervention is essentially an armed effort in which a state or a group of states intervene in the internal affairs of another state and it often involves the violation of international borders or airspace of that particular state. Moreover, the state against which the humanitarian intervention is being conducted does not necessarily pose a threat to the peace or security of other states therefore the military action is taken solely on humanitarian grounds for the protection of human rights. Humanitarian intervention is a matter of great debate today because it involves two of the fundamental pillars of the United Nations system; one of them being state sovereignty and other is the protection of human rights; and unfortunately the scenario of a humanitarian intervention involves dealing with very complex circumstances in which one of the two pillars mentioned have to be compromised for the greater good (Jokic, 2003). The proponents of humanitarian intervention argue that it is imperative in certain circumstances to conduct military operations in states where the people are being opressed by the government, particularly in states which are ruled by dictators because in such states the change of government is not possible without intervention from outside. However, the critics of humanitarian intervention argue that it can be used as a pretext for a military action for the achievement of the vested interests of strong actors in the international political scenario. The issue of humanitarian intervention is also important because of the fact that there are a large number of lives associated with a military action taken against a state. In this paper an analysis based on the scenarios in various countries various military interventio

Premarital sex Essay Essay Example for Free

Premarital sex Essay Essay Our fathers understood that sex was a blessed experience made only for married couples as a way to express their love and desire for each other. However, our youths today think of sex as a fun-thing; they have the belief that it is okay to have sex with who ever one is having a relationship with, and youths engage in several relationships before deciding to settle down. Yet, our fathers were right with their opinion about sex; sex should be a blessed ordeal and not a fun thing. Youths should try and preserve themselves for marriage, but in a situation where a person cannot hold himself he should then try and protect himself by using a condom because of the effect that unprotected sex would have on him. One of the major effects of unprotected sex is the risk of the female getting pregnant. In some situation the youths involved might not be ready to raise a child yet, and with the female getting pregnant they have problems deciding on what to do. The man might decide to deny being the father of the baby and puts down the woman. This leaves her with the decision of either aborting the child, raising the child as a single mother or dumping the child off anywhere. Each of these three choices is not to the best interest of the child. If the mother aborts the child that means she has taken the life of a human being, and it doesnt matter if the child is unborn yet or not the child has the right to his life. Even if the mother succeeds in aborting the child she may encounter some complications in the process, and this may affect her later life when she will finally decide to get married and have kids. Another dire option is to dump the child. Some mums dump their kids off in trash, in front of people front doors or at the motherless baby centers. There was even this case of a woman trying to flush down her baby down the toilet; the neighbors heard the baby crying as if it was drowning they called the police, but when the police arrived the child was already dead and the mother too because she killed herself. The best of the three options is the mother raising the child as a single parent, but this is also not a very good idea knowing that no child would want to grow up without his father, at least I know I dont. Also some of  the kids who turn out to be a menace to the society fall in the group of kids raised by a single parent. This is because the parent may not have enough time to spend with the child since she has to work a great amount of time so as to provide both of their necessities and to pay bills; the child therefore spends more time with friends and on the streets since he is not being monitored by his parent. All these are caused because of one small mistake; having sex unprotected. In many American Universities college students engage in unprotected sex, but most of them are not conscious of the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Among college students who live away from home, 56 percent had been sexually active while attending college, and 73 percent of that group reported having unprotected sex while in college, says the survey by the Society for Adolescent Medicine. (http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docID=514693). From the above survey it means that youths in colleges who engage in sex have high risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. These students are very well exposed to these diseases because they would have the tendency of having intercourse with several people due to the fact that they converge in an enclosed environment, and also peer pressure. The female involved may also get pregnant and would have to drop out of school and get a job so as to earn some money to take care of her and her kid. Unprotected sex can also result to early marriage. When a female conceives after having sexual intercourse, the couple involved may decide to get married and raise the baby together, but things dont always turn out well after the marriage; these couples may not know themselves too well. In the event of the marriage they might find out different sides of the opposite person that they dont like, and they may finally break up. This doesnt go to the betterment of the child either because he may end up being raised by a single parent and deprived of the other. All these dreadful things can be avoided by merely abstaining from sex till one is married, but when the urge to have sex cannot be overcome then the person involved should use a condom to protect himself.

Critique of the Movie Matchstick Men :: Movie Film Essays

Critique of the Movie Matchstick Men I recently read a review of Matchstick Men by Nicolas Bardot who said of the movie: â€Å"very touching but lacking a certain panache.† The Matchstick Men starring Nicolas Cage, Sam Rockwell, and Alison Lohman, is the story of Roy (Cage) who with his â€Å"numerous disorders† and his partner Frank (Rockwell) tries to pull off a con job. Unfortunately, Roy’s daughter Angela (Lohman) suddenly shows up and things don’t go exactly as planned. Although Roy’s â€Å"disorders† are not mentioned specifically, I can’t imagine they would make his job easy in the first place, but throw a long lost teenage daughter into the mix and I can not wait to see what happens next. Matchstick Men is an adaptation from an Eric Garcia novel and runs one hour and fifty six minutes. Bardot seems to vary on his opinion of this movie. He makes special note of John Mathieson’s photography declaring it as â€Å"superb,† as well as expressing delight in the soundtrack which was compiled by Hans Zimmer. Bardot seems to praise the movie for it’s depiction of anti-heroes, yet at the same time says that at times it becomes â€Å"slightly dull and uninteresting.† Despite his lack of glowing praise for the picture, Bardot expands upon the â€Å"expansive and spectacular† past pictures by Ridley Scott, the director. Having directed such films as Gladiator and Black Hawk Down among others, Bardot seems to think Scott has found a hidden talent in his new genre, comedy, declaring that his work on this picture is â€Å"marvelous.† Although Bardot mentions the performances of Nicolas Cage, Sam Rockwell, and Alison Lohman, I wish he had gone into more detail as to what was good about them, or in Cage’s case â€Å"unnerving.† He also refrains from mentioning other details such as setting, costumes, and camera angles which I would find interesting.

Automatic Speech Recognition Systems

In addition, the author will evaluate his level of inform in speaking the contents of term paper as opposed to typing one. And lastly, the level of organization required to use speech recognition as opposed to typing. The first automated speech recognition system the author will analyze is produced by a company called Application Technology, or Pupate. Pupate is located in McLean, Virginia, and has been in the Human Language Technology field for over 20 years. Appetites CARS product is called Plainspoken, and is used for speech dictation, broadcast and telephony.This program can do anything from a simple chain of numbers to vocabularies of up to 100,000 words. Plainspoken recognizes continuous speech, offers gender-independent speech recognition, as well as speaker dependent and speaker Independent modes. Opalescence also offers a scalable vocabulary as well as a scalable number of recognized languages. At this time however, the author of this paper was unable to locate a price for t his product on the manufacturers also known as Dragon Naturally Speaking.Nuance offers several different versions from the basic to a more advanced version for legal professionals. Nuance offers several different accent features from Spanish to Southern as well as several vocabulary options. Nuance allows for custom creation of text-to-graphics commands. This software works with PC's as well as multiple types of mobile devices, and is compatible with a multitude of applications. The price range of this product varies from $99 to $1199. (nuance. Com, 2009) The final company and product the author will review is Namespace.Namespace was established in 1996, when Andrew Taylor realized that the Macintosh platform was losing ground in the speech recognition software arena. Like the product from Nuance, Namespace offers several different versions. Their versions vary from a standard dictation version up to a legal reflections version. What is unique about Namespace is that it offers an In ternational version, which supports English, French, German and Italian. The price range is from $195 to $595 for the Namespace program.The drawback here is that this program is primarily written for the Mac computer. (namespace. Com, 2009) Unfortunately, the author was unable to find as much information as he would have liked about the companies and products. If the author had to use this type of product to produce a term paper, I would feel very uncomfortable. I feel I would have lost some aspect of control if I were to use an CARS to produce a term paper. In addition, it would be difficult to Judge the effectiveness and accuracy of an CARS.

Emerging Leadership Trends And Theories Essay

The contingency theory of leadership concentrates on the efficiency of leadership in terms of organizing, leading and making decisions for an organization, and it is dependent on matching a leader’s style to the right situation. This theory was introduced by Fielder, who analyzed various leaders in different contexts, but mostly he studied on the military. The theory assumes that behavior and styles cannot be influenced or modified; it is contradictory to ‘’situational leadership† which emphasized the need for the leaders to adapt to the situation. Besides, the term ‘’situation† implies to a complex combination of leader-member relation, task structure, and position power. 1. Leader-member relation is an evaluation of leadership acceptance between the organizational hierarchies. Therefore, the relationship is high when the leader is respected and accepted by his or her juniors. 2. Task structure is an evaluation of the simplicity of the task or project and their methods used to achieve the end product. 3. Positional power is an evaluation of amount power the leader has to manipulate the productivity of the juniors. Therefore, the power is high if a great deal of power is formally attributed to the position of the leader. Transformation Leadership Theory Leadership expert James Burns introduced the transformation leadership theory. As per Bass, transformation leadership can be identified when leaders’ and followers cooperate in order to advance or change to a higher level of motivation. Therefore through the strength of their personality and vision, the leaders can inspire followers to change perceptions, expectation and motivation to work to attain a common goal. There are also four components of transformations leadership theory; 1. Intellectual stimulation arises when the leader motivates the followers to explore new ways of doing things and invent new opportunities to learn. Individual consideration that  involves encouraging and offering support to individual followers 2. Inspirational motivation arises when the leaders have a clear perspective that they can articulate to followers. 3. Idealized influence occurs when the followers emulate and internalize the leader’s ideas that they usually respect and trust as their role model. Situational Leadership Theory Situational leadership theory was developed by a professor known as Paul Hersey. The fundamental underpinning situational leadership theory is that leadership depends on each situation. Therefore, there is no single leadership style that can be considered the best. A good leader is the one who can adapt to his or her objectives and goals in accomplishing his leadership. In fact, the capacity to assume responsibility, education, experience and goal setting are the main factors that make a leader successful. Also, the maturity or ability of the followers is a critical factor as well which facilitate good leadership.

Learning the Italian Alphabet

Learning the Italian Alphabet If you choose to learn the Italian language, youll need to start by learning its alphabet. When you have an innumerable amount of other â€Å"useful† languages to choose from, why would you choose Italian a language spoken by about 59 million people, compared to, let’s say Mandarin’s 935 million Despite the fact that every day more and more Italians are learning English, there is still a huge appeal to learn la bella lingua. Many people feel drawn to Italian because it’s a part of their ancestry, and learning Italian can be a great tool to utilize as you dig deeper into your family history. While you can do a lot of research in English, actually visiting your great grandfather’s birth town in Naples will require more than just a list of survival phrases to truly get a feel for the locals and hear stories about what the town was like while he was alive. What’s more, being able to understand and tell stories to your living family members will will add a depth and a richness to your relationships. Learning the Alphabet The Italian alphabet (lalfabeto) contains 21 letters: Letters / Names of the lettersa  Ã‚  ab  Ã‚  bic  Ã‚  cid  Ã‚  die  Ã‚  ef  Ã‚  effeg  Ã‚  gih  Ã‚  accai  Ã‚  il  Ã‚  ellem  Ã‚  emmen  Ã‚  enneo  Ã‚  op  Ã‚  piq  Ã‚  cur  Ã‚  erres  Ã‚  esset  Ã‚  tiu  Ã‚  uv  Ã‚  vuz  Ã‚  zeta The following five letters are found in foreign words: Letters / Names of the lettersj  Ã‚  i lungok  Ã‚  kappaw  Ã‚  doppia vux  Ã‚  icsy  Ã‚  ipsilon Learning the Basics If youre pressed for time, focus on the fundamentals. Study the Italian ABCs and Italian numbers, learn how to pronounce Italian words and ask questions in Italian, and brush up on the euro (after all, youll have to reach into your portafoglio- wallet- eventually). However, the quickest and most effective way to learn Italian is the total-immersion method. This means traveling to Italy for an extended period, studying at any of the thousands of language schools throughout the country, and speaking only Italian. Many programs include a home-stay component that enhances the cultural exchange. You literally eat, breathe, and dream in Italian. Whether its reading an Italian textbook, taking a language course at a university or local language school, completing workbook exercises, listening to a tape or CD, or conversing with a native Italian speaker. Spend some time every day reading, writing, speaking, and listening to Italian to become accustomed to the target language. Slowly but surely, your confidence will build, your accent will become less pronounced, your vocabulary will expand, and youll be communicating in Italian. Maybe youll even start speaking Italian with your hands!

Wife of His Youth essays

Wife of His Youth essays People often make the categories of race, class, gender, sexuality, age, physical condition, etc., contend for the title of most oppressed. Within race, various populations groups then compete for that top spot. Through the book, The Wife of His Youth, by Charles Wadell Chesnutt one can learn that racism existed within the race, colored mattered, and that racism evolves throughout the racial history. Racism existed within the race. People within the groups competed to be at the top. In The Wife of His Youth, the main character Mr. Ryder is a highly respected man in his society called the Blue Veins. The Blue Veins is a society for the colored people who have white skin that their veins show. Mr. Ryder is faced with a situation where he has to choose to stay at the top by hiding the truth and marrying a highly respected woman in the Blue Veins, Mrs. Molly Dixon or reveal his secret and be married to a woman who is considered low among the races. However Mr. Ryder chooses to reveal that a former slave is his wife, but in order for him to come to the conclusion he struggles much about how the others would feel about this situation because mostly likely people of his society would look down upon him. Color matters within the race. In The Wife of His Youth, the Blue Veins is a society that does not emphasize culture of the race, but how light the color of their skins are. The people of the society must have really light skin to be even considered to be a member of the Blue Veins. The wife of his youth, a former slave, Liza Jane would never be considered to be a member of the Blue Veins because she was very black and her social status in society was of a former plantation worker. One could also see that Mr. Ryder struggles whether or not to reveal his secret to the Blue Veins because colored mattered and he did not know if they would be able to accept the fact that he was marr ...