Overview of Different Web Structures

Overview of Different Web StructuresDark Inter pelf, Dark net ( commit Sharing), Turbo10, Meta-Search railway locomotiveMansi Iyengar (SCU ID W1170603)This project is tar pressed for the re anticipateers to gain insight into the diametrical sack up social structures. The primary focus being involved net and profane net.It as well as throws light on bear d receive sharing in phantom net along with meta take c ar engines apply by them.This report is based on dark net, metasearch engines and shoot down sharing mechanism. It has been categorize in the form of chapters.Each chapter gives us the below informationChapter 1 tells us about the different structures in the entanglementChapter 2 provides an all overview of dark net and TORChapter 3 describes the charge up sharing mechanism in dark net and putting surfacely used approachesChapter 4 focuses on operation of meta search engineChapter 5 talks about Turbo10 search engine for deep netThe linkage of each web paginate is referred by websites structure. take aim for a website having high rate of web pages. In such scenario, crawlers should have the ease to find the subpages. fancy 1 Web structure 1Figure 1 portrays entire web structure that comprises ofSurface webDeep webDark webSurface webThe traditional internet we use for tryless life is the world all-inclusive web.Represented by www.Deep webDeep web provides the hidden part of the internet. Search engine do not index these. Thus deep web stands apart from the traditional web. more or less comp singlents of deep web include email, online banking, on demand videosDark webDark web is different from above traditional web types.Dark net stands for a network accessed via specific softw be or configuration using protocol that are not standardized.For everyday life, we use regular search engines such as google. The exists websites that cannot be looked up on google. For such websites need a feature application in ensnare to access. Such webs ites are known as dark web.Dark net comprises of decentralized computers that collaborate in tandem to send information from origin to the tar overhear. Some of the prevalent dark net are Limewire, Gnucleus. Users are divisions that share information. Hosts are the computers that help share the information.Dark web is overly known as dark net or dark internet.For ease of understanding we can consider software named as Tor. Tor provides the functionality wherein the user cannot be identified on traditional websites.TORTor also provides sites that have hidden services. Basically the hidden or anonymous feature is leveraged to masquerade where server is situated. Tor makes it almost impossible to trace the members accessing website.Tor is not fool proof and comprises of some flaws. These pertain to security configuration. This gap can be used by officials to determine the real server location. The popularity of TOR is extremely high and hence most commonly used. whence the focus on this example.Features of dark netHowever, dark nets provide additional facilities different from above. These may include collaborative effort of handling non-licensed software and contentContent found on dark netOn two fronts dark net facilitates anonymity member visiting website and also for website itself. Governments too use dark net. For example, in order to gain entropy bypassing and censorship, Tor provides that optionDark net too can be used by politicians. This is serves as a platform to mediate and take end. Secrets are revealed by whistle blowers on certain sites so that they can avoid being traced. Webpages such as Strongbox help serve such purpose.This leads to establishment of websites that traditionally are not used. They can be used for anti-social purpose. For example, stolen credit card information, unlawful currency, drugs and weapons are found here. Gambling activities too are provided.Illegal drugs and goods, part of commercial dark market are made popu lar by silk route and diabolic market. These are attacked by legal teams.Alternate hacking services are sold. These are at group level or individualistic level. This has led to cyber-crimes and parry cyber investigation. Government has started looking into these using tools procured from Procedia Computer Science journal. Denial of service attacks too have been made through Dark Web. 4File SharingFile sharing involves the method of dividing or enabling digital media access such as audio files, video files, programs or eBooks.There are multiple ship canal to attain file sharing. Generally used approaches of storage, transmission include web url hyperlinked docs., p2p networks and centralized servers. 3Figure 2 file sharingThe above calculate shows us how finger shows how file sharing can be achieved between access controlled digital systems like private, public and invited.P2P file sharing surgical procedureComputers or nodes are connected with each other as part of P2P network. The members have the ability to share or download information immediately via the web.Figure 3 Peer to Peer networkAbove trope shows con feederate to peer network. Based on the model of self-server and client model, P2P is set up in general.for example, when the member connects to the P2P client and after initiating file download, he gets connected with other members downloading the information. In other words, others peers serve as file server. The initial member also acts as file server when other peer starts to download the file. Eventually this leads to augmenting of download speed. Some commonly used lushs for P2P are bit flood tide and Torrent. Other popular P2P networks being BearShare and LimeWire. 2OnionShareConsider App called OnionShare that is avail fitting for multiple Operating Systems. This is a P2P program. Entire information from TOR anonymity network is sent through this file sharing program.consider regular file sharing system needs faith. Law regulators can tap into these.Tor helps bypass third party, thither is direct sharing of file from one person to another via anonymous networkFigure 4 OnionShareThe above figure describes OnionShare process. After Tor instance is running, OnionShare will run. The beginning part is by starting a topical anaesthetic web server that is viewable as tor hidden service, generating web link that cannot be guessed out. This web link is used to download the file.The web link is then provided to the recipient person via secure methodthe webserver is cancelled The moment the receipt downloads the file,Now the file becomes inaccessible to anyone. These is scope to expand this further by having a continuous running server in order to share with multiple recipients 5BitTorrent File Sharing ProcessBackgroundBitTorrent file sharing protocol for dark net. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol and the most popular one according to a reportby ( two 1008). In the same report one can read that BitTorre nt takesup a substantial amount of all the internet traffic in the world, between 27 and 55 percent depending on geographical location. This makes BitTorrent not only the most used protocol for file sharing, but of all application layer protocols.As per Schulse and Mochalski , Bit Torrent is popular file sharing protocol. This is also used by Darknet.BitTorrent breaks data into parallel littler chunks instead of single chunk, enhancing reliability and reducing vulnerabilityApproaches for bit torrent file sharingProvided below are two approaches for bit torrent file sharingTorrent file approachTFigure 5 Torrent file sharing approachA torrent file is setup that has tracker, file contents. This file is smaller than original file. Seed is the uploader and leech is the downloader.Above figure describes the torrent file sharing approach. User first downloads the torrent. From torrent the set of peers is found. From the network, file pieces are exchanged. Files are treated instead of atomi c blocks but as smaller chunks.Advantage is that the bandwidth is spread among peer as against just the seeds.The tracker for a torrent provides peers a peer list. In this manner, bit torrent communication takes place, which is the same process involved for seeders and leachesDTH approachThere is a second approach that bypasses the tracker. This provides greater anonymity. This approach is performed without generating torrent file.For this purpose, bit torrent protocol ends up implementing DHT i.e. distributed hash table.Figure 6 DTH file sharing approachThe above figure describes DTH file sharing approach. DHT provides a set of key, value saved in it. The working is uniform to how has table works. Nodes have ability to detect noes based on the key. There is unique identification for each node. For this the communication utilized is User entropygram Protocol (UDP).The make is that there no centralized trackers. However, the track list is provided by peers that send peer list. tr aditionalistic torrent file has web link to a tracker. This tonicity is by passed in second approach, wherein DHT web link is used. DHT network is entered into by the peer using the URL. From the entry node, it can search crossways other networks for files and peer connection for file sharing. 6The results of other databases are combined in meta search engine. It takes up the concatenation of motley(a) results from various search engines and associate then to various resources. 1Virtual databases are generated from the mirrors of the physical database results of other search engines. These virtual databases are generated from the meta search engines. The searches are concentrated over certain criteria. 2BackgroundSearching the web with multiple search engines was the issue tackled by researchers. One of the outputs was meta search engine. Search Savvy was the first engine discovered and used by Daniel Dreilinger from Colorado deposit University. This engine looks over the resu lts from 20 different directories and search engines at once. Meta search engine crawler discovered by Eric Selberg at Washington University. It used its own search engine syntax and searched over 6 search engines.Dogpile formed at University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University measured ranking and overlap of various search engines. This proved to have one of the best results. 3AdvantagesMore information and search coverage can be achieved by using meta search engines. This helps the user to get faster and accurate results. The query of the user results is generated in unique ways by using the indexes which are aggregated by search engines. The input effort for a meta search engine and normal search engine are the same but the results retrieved are more. They also reduce the effort of users to type on various search engines to find file and resources.DisadvantagesTranslation of the query format or understanding the query forms can be an issue in the meta search engine. A ll the results sets of a query are not given to a user as the links generated from a meta search engine are limited. The links generated are limited. Promoted websites are given higher priority over other websites.It is probable that the user will get multiple results from the search engine. It may not be stream lined. This is e redundantly an issue due to more coverage over the queried topic. The users find it difficult to use meta search. They might not be able to get any precise information.OperationThe above figure describes the meta search operation. The search engine receives a query from the user.The key parts are as belowBroker The query needs a pre-processing as each search engine has a specific format of the data being fed in. As they depend on different operators and they do not share the same syntax. The output is a series of ordered set documents.Rank the documents are raked post identifying the result pages and also in the order of the most relevant links. 4The input query is passed to the search engines database. It creates a virtual database. This helps to combine data from various sources. Duplicates can be generated as various search-engines have different methods of indexing the data. This output data is then processed by the meta-search engine. The revised list is produced for the user. They would act in the following ways.1) Access to the meta-search engine reference is provided which also includes the private access to the database system The changes made on the database system would be captured.2) In a non-cooperative way, the access to the interface may or may not be provided.3) Meta search engine is denied access to the search engine.Architecture of rankingAbove figure describes the architecture of the meta search engine. It consists of the users query being sent to the meta search engine. It contacts the other search engines its connected to. They process the results and generate resources. These results are then preprocessed and th en given back to the meta search engine as a response. This collective response is given to the user.FusionFusion is a process for data filtering. It helps to build up efficient results.Collection FusionUnrelated data is indexed via search engines it is dealt by the Collection Fusion process which is also a distributed retrieval process. Ranking on the data is based on how probable is the data to give the required information to the user. It picks up the best resources and ranks it. The resources which are selected are combined in a list and given to the user.Data FusionFigure 9 Data Fusion ArchitectureAbove figure give the architectural reference of the Data Fusion.L0 The user information which the sensors and the sources process is given to the fusion algorithmL1 The machine process of converting L0 output and it feeds it to the L1 processL2 L3 The human process of manually marking the retrieved data as relevant or notL4 choice management layer adds to the sources and the L2/L3 layer providing th necessary feedbackL6 The mission management helps to add context to the user query. This is added to the resource management layerL5 Once all the processing through the layers is complete the data is given back to the user.This is fusion mechanism which relies on the common data sets which are retrieved by search engines. The initial ranks are combined into a list. The analysis of the actual ranks of the documents retrieved is calculated. The links of the documents with the highest relevancy score is selected. ComboSum is one of the techniques used to normalize the scores. The scores produced are incomparable as different search engines run on different algorithms.Examples of Meta-Search EnginesDeepPeepFigure 10 DeepPeep SnippetAbove figure is a snippet for DeepPeet. Public web pages are indexes and expanded by search engine. It does so by search through various public databases. Traditional search engines cannot index by DeepPeep. It also looks to find urls into deep web.IncyWincyFigure 11 Incywincy snippetAbove image is Incywincy snippet. It uses many search engines, combines and filters the results. It crawlers more than 200 million pages. It uses its unique algorithm for relevance tests.CompletePlanetFigure 12 Complete PlanetAbove figure is snippet of Complete Planet. It indexes and crawlers many search engines and special databases which are not public. It is one of the main search engines of the deep web.Other Deep Web search engines include Intute, Infomine, Scirus, Turbo 10.The above figure is the Turbo 10 is a meta search engine snippet. It helps to engineer a universal reference for Deep Net. It refers to topic specific search engines. Google and Yahoo like crawler-based search engines do not use these files. Turbo 10 also lets you add more engines to the collection on which your search query is executed. 7ProsThe positive thing about turbo10 is that it has the ability to connect and keep on connection to online databases in bulk. This provides connecting to thousand engines in a fully automated capability which is scalable to further connect to another thousand.Turbo10 also finds content on deep net. Deep net encompasses multiple databases covering wide range of topics such as business, colleges, government teams. These are not accessible to traditional web engines and google. Traditional search engines are helpful for indexing static pages.Thus a rich experience is provided as we can tap into multiple databases across such a large range of domains, empowering the user.Turbo provides the option of having ten search engines to search from.Unlike other search engine like AskJeeves, that faces drawback of segregating information into different boxes, turbo streamlines the process by proving the result in weighted listing. This makes Turbo10 the ultimate search engine of search engine.Consider the fact that say four search engines are selected, turbo10 does the work of selecting additional six search engines as it deems as best fit.The result set would be based on either relevance or speed. The decision is independent of the search independent of search engine selected.The above reduction of search result occurs by usage of clusters in box on left-hand side. The benefit of having clusters a few time, desired result set is obtained quicker as against advanced searches or logical expressionTurbo10 provides a rising search paradigm. For a given page, there are ten result lists on a page. These have arrows. Thought this may also be unpopular, this generates hundred results for a given search.The average case being thirty to forty result set being provided as three or four pages are returned. . Google gives lots of options. Unlike Google, Turbo10 simply limits the search results and provides limited result setThe main idea is that with Turbo 10, ability to choose search enigne is provided. Whereas say for a particular item through google, we need to keep searching and may find the same at pat a latter page say page fortyHow is the ability provided to select ten search engines?The task is completed via the web. A collection name is assigned to the ten search engines, mapped to your email.CapabilityTurbo10 has a vision to emerge as a leader for search enginePlan to use amazon based recommendation algorithms for personalised searching. This would include personalized profile search, providing bookmarking feature an ecosystem to be setup wherein the users profile would interact with other users. Additional browsing options would be generated for users. Revenue model would tap into sponsored web links. These would be flagged licensing of the product to corporates.ConsTturbo10 faces the drawback of being highly cluttered. Google has lots of white spaces. The search results are not cramped up. Turbo10 is not visually appealing. It has purple colour screen that may not be appealing to allMany times the returned result set is cluttered. Sometimes the result set gets jumbled affec ting result set. Additionally, there is no consideration for punctuation marks or logical expressions. Does not have ability to cache information. Due to high demand and expectation, knocked offline.Intense emulation with google.The project is based on dark net ecosystem comprising of file sharing mechanisms and meta search engine. Dark net has continuously using evolving technology such as TOR, OnionShare. These help enable provide benefits of being anonymous protecting their identity. Similarly, the website to gets to preserve their anonymity. Dark net serves as a platform of communication to mediate, take decision and share information. These are used by different agencies including government and non-traditional activities such as whistleblowing.Products that are not listed in traditional websites too are purchasable on such platforms.File Sharing approaches save bandwidth by helping sharing information efficiently. Easier to back up information. Fault tolerance is enhanced th rough decentralized approach part of peer to peer networking. Comparatively there is ease of maintenance over traditional files sharing system.Meta search engines help to get streamlined results from various search engines which helps to improve relevancy of searches.The benefits of dark net also include cross border payments, ensure complete privacy of transmitter and receiver. There is application in cryptocurrency, digital trading, eliminating middlemen. Set up of hassle free payments independent of weekend or holidays. Benefit of decentralization is control over your content that you want to share. Other advantages include establish net neutrality which means that internet can be used for all and not monopolized.Hence there is a large scope for expansion in dark net space and technology is playing a pivotal role in enhancing its adoption.1 https//www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-deep-web-dark-net-firas-saras2 https//sysinfotools.com/blog/peer-to-peer-file-sharing/3 http//www.spi roprojects.com/blog/cat-view-more.php?blogname=What-is-file-sharing-system?id=2624 https//www.howtogeek.com/275875/what-is-the-dark-web/5 https//darkwebnews.com/anonymity/some-ways-to-share-files-anonymously/6 Johan Andersson Gabriel Ledung, Darknet file sharing application of a private peer-to-peer distributed file system concept7 http//techdiction.blogspot.com/2007/01/turbo-10-search-deep-net.htmlURL Uniform Resource LocatorTORThe Onion RouterUDPUser Datagram ProtocolDTHdistributed hash tableWWWWorldwide web

Executive Summary

Executive SummaryExecutive SummaryFor Wingate systems to work, a blood trade type can be roled via e-commerce to increment success. To most, it would seem late in the game to begin assessing whether continuous relationship merchandising (CRM) can work in e-commerce. In the decade or so since the issue first arose, several things have become app atomic number 18nt, not least of which is that simply segmenting a market to serve different populations of customers, e pickyly online customers, is inadequate. In fact, relationship selling has been defined, since the 1980s, as attracting, maintaining, andin multi-service organizationsenhancing customer relationships, (Stern, 1997) In addition, the reality of customers forming relationships with people rather than with goods is what drove it, and make it a key source of benefits to the firm. (Stern, 1997)For traditional relationship marketing to work as it should in any organization, all other bloodline parameters excessively need to be in place. Recently, this has been identified in a innovative model as a holistic, dynamic and dialectical model. (Chang, 2004) Not surprisingly, this model was developed in an Asian developing economy context. The author noted that topical anaesthetic firms in developing countries need to be creative in developing e-business strategies beca engage they are operating in under-developed e-business environments. It that is true for relationship marketing success in developing countries, it should, therefore, be even more valuable to mature organizations operating in mature business environments.E-business is sometimes identified as the convergence of digital technology, intellectual property and customer supremacy (Chang, 2004) and it emphasizes the interconnectedness of both the hardware and human capital functions within any company that wants to be successful in using CRM in an e-business environment. D whiz right, it give transcend the traditional boundaries of space, time, individuals and organizations. (Chang, 2004)IntroductionDespite the dot-com failures of the recent past, few would doubt that e-business is a main number one wood of the new and future economy globally. It is also safe to assume that relationship marketing began its development when bricks-and-mortar businesses were able to operate without substantial Internet presence. Then, it was relationship marketing, and depended on such things as personal bankers, and personal shoppers, and arguably, within each organization that had added the relationship marketing function, it was viewed as a must have but with inadequate relative impact on the bottom line.However, three things entered the business arena that made it paramount for relationship marketing to become both continuous (CRM) and unified into the business structures. Those three things were the development of digital technologies, the importance of intellectual property, and customer supremacy, defined as customization of produ ct/service and reduced cycle time. (Chang, 2004)E-business has altered preliminary relationships so that the complex of digital technology, intellectual property and customer supremacy when integrated with business activities makes conventional rules of business obsolete. E-business seems to have the capability to change the competitive landscapes in the traditional industries, earn new industries, and affect the configuration and coordination of firm-level business activities, especially such external activities as customer relationship management.. (Chang, 2004) Companies that use e-commerce successfully within the holistic CRM paradigm exit necessarily have integrated all these elements rather than treating each as a separate pay center or line item, with convergence merely found on the balance sheet and not in the conduct of the business itself.Backgroundorganisational form, business model and strategy have been considered the framework of commerce. In the holistic viewpoint , there are only when two factors, business configuration and business coordination. In this context, business configuration is utilize to mean the scope of business c overage by a company, what was once known as strategy. Business coordination refers to the style of business relationships both within a company and with its customers and suppliers. (Chang, 2004)If these two components of business are used in a truly holistic manner, the result will be virtually zero distance between customers and suppliers, zero inventory and (near) zero working capital. In short, the relationship marketing function will have made the companywhether a product- or service-based businessinto a simply go-between. The profit comes from performing the service of obtaining supplies that become product or service, warehousing that product or service only minimally, and transmitting it to the customer. Obviously, the trick to it all is knowing the suppliers and customers well enough that there is no addit ional negotiation needed and order and retribution change hands almost simultaneously. For this, e-commerce would seem ideally suited.StrategiesIntimacy modelA second new thrust identified in relationship marketing is the intimacy model of relationship marketing. Personal sales, the traditional basis for relationship marketing, occur in real time. In some respects, so do e-commerce sales, with the fight that they are not happening in a real place but rather a virtual storefront. That advertisingcommunication through a nonpersonal mediumis essential to e-commerce relationships brings into the equation the theory of intimacy. Some researchers regard evaluation of customer intimacy as a business concept as important as the holistic model. (Stern, 1997)Intimacy theory accounts for the influence of emotion in relationships as well as that of cognition (feelings as well as thoughts). It also allows insight into the deterioration of relationships, and finally, it emphasizes the associati on between relationship stages and persuasive communication that enhances the run firms ability to apply relationship management to advertising as well as to personal sales. (Stern, 1997) Because e-commerce is a blending of all of these elements, but not in the presence of a live intermediary, it may be utilizable to consider whether these factors are included in ecommerce relationship marketing today, or only in bricks and mortar settings (Theodosiou, M. and Leonidou, L.C., 2003).Five bases of intimacy in relationship marketingJust as Chang identified two elements to the setting in which relationship marketing can occur and be holistic, Stern identifies five components of intimacy in relationship marketing (Vorhies, D.W. and Morgan, N.A., 2003).Communication and sympathetic sense of hearingThis includes self-disclosure, a willingness to share personal or attitudinal information. In the relationship-selling arena, the communication will generally be one way, from customer to comp any.The listener, in this case the company, must provide the sympathetic, that is, non-judgmental, listening. In that way, the customer reveals needs and desires and the company builds trust. So, relationships in which a consumer tells all to a non-disclosing partner are perceived as intimate as long as the partner communicates a sympathetic attitude to what is being told. (Stern, 1997) Advertisements aimed at conveying sympathetic listening transform one-way media communication (that is, non-interactive messages) into a representation of responsiveness, Stern adds. (1997) An example she gives is direct mail and online marketer Lands Ends headline, Well knock ourselves out for you. The copy reads, forever since we started doing business back in 1963 . . . weve done our level best to avenge our customers. So you can be sure that whenever you call, well do whatever it takes to satisfy you, in our friendly Wisconsin way. (Quoted by Stern, 1997)Commitment Bonding with Consumers.A sens e of weness is the belief that each member of a relationship is committed to the welfare of the other. (Stern, 1997) As a customer grows accustomed to positive responses in a business relationship, that feeling develops and they begin to say my credit motorcard company or my car dealership.Stern notes that bonding techniques are an increasingly popular marketing strategy for services marketers attempting to establish long-term bonds with consumers so they can be retained. By 1997, it had been ascertained that retention beat prospecting in terms of profitability. (Stern, 1997) This goes so far as to allow a firm to lose money, be design, on a situation transaction in order to retain the customer. In a credit-card relationship, this might include waiving a fee for a late payment when it was clearly an speciality in the customers usual behavior.Caring and GivingAltruism is the watchword here, and not demands for reciprocity, even though it is a relationship. Companies carrying out r elationship marketing can part perception of this by basing decisions and reactions on a needs rule rather than an equity rule to establish a closer mental association. (Stern, 1007) This has been successfully used in financial services POS advertising. Chase Manhattan Bank used a message at the bottom of its ATM receipts that said, Chase give you 6 other ways to connect. (Stern, 1997) So, even though it was an impersonal, practically an online, setting, and the reach out factor was present. But the appearance was that the bank cared enough about all users of its ATMs to aver the information, at least.Comfort (Compatibility)A consumers sense of security in a relationship is central to retention. In dealing with service firms, consumers have been found to mensurate their level of comfort. on the dimension of mutual engagement in a joint venture. (Stern, 1997) The vocabulary of intimacy is used in advertising to create this image. For example, New England Life positioned itself as Your Financial Partner, and showed images of three-generations meeting, conveying an image of long-term relationships. (Stern, 1997)Conflict Resolution and TrustThis is a sort of last-ditch tactic in any relationship-marketing program. Although at times conflict may be inevitable, even in a well-maintained relationship, conflict resolution and problem-solving abilities including skill in listening, negotiation, and conciliation are essential to maintaining relationship marketing. (Stern, 1997) How possible this is in an e-commerce setting, especially in a service such as credit, might be problematical. There must, then, be a mechanism to resolve conflicts satisfactorily (Doty, D.H., Glick, W.H. and Huber, 1993).Campaigns Advertising and SubscriptionHow does a not-so-well known company show what they have, or how does a known company attack new segments pursuance more consumer attention? Since the rolls on the net became voiceovers, the consumer retrieves what it wants, and the prod ucer has to be hunted. The advertising model is based on using creative advertising banners and links in very frequented web-pages. Some companies have successfully publicize their new products and services through this system making sure their ads are more creative and seductive for the roaming eyes of the consumer (Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, 1991). The biggest winner here though, is the page that offers that space. Search engines like Amazon or Yahoo have made big use of this model. All the services they offer (e.g. chats, games, e-mail, search engine etc.) are for free, charging companies for the use of space for ads on their Web-pages. The more frequented a page is the more it costs to display an ad. Companies starting to use this model are definitely at an advantage for their present position and the its cost. Wingate proposes to use this model to advertise its latest concepts and designs (DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W., 1993).Wingate therefore plans to use the intimacy m odel and combine it with both the subscription model and the advertising model in order to market its product. The Subscription Model has become a very popular model with a steep range of success. By subscribing in any service or company on the net, all your given information is stored on a special data base that is used to classify users. With this data-base that has all the records of visited products and purchases, the providers are able to target the visitors on a more personal basis. An example of this is Hotmail. Hotmail is not only one of the most popular, free e-mail services, but it also belongs to Microsoft. The new way to link the customer to the wanted page can also be manipulated by the new Passport system of Hotmail (Gresov, C. and Drazin, 1997). All the information given in subscription to Hotmail is automatically transferred to other services Microsoft offers. Say you entered, your hobby is to travel, therefore you will get e-mails about travel with new offers on wh ere to fly, it also facilitates one with the advantage of not having to re-enter all their personal details all over again when subscribing in a new company run by Microsoft. This model is very powerful and it does not end there, consumers are followed through their brio cycle becoming aware of what the company has to offer to the specific consumers. It is more likely that a father will consider the idea of a family restitution rather than a child. For the child, the company will target for example new bikes. This model divides the segments even further, making sure that the consumer feels special, with not costing much extra.Therefore, it will be important to start a database of existing customers and retain their information in order to provide them with updates of Wingates latest offers and ideas. Furthermore, a website could be setup and advertised to allow individuals to know about this subscription service if they would like to sign up for information. More information about how this concept can be advertised general is discussed below in the basic advertising model.ControlsWingate plans to budget $3000-$5000 for monthly advertising. The idea will be to run banner ads on various websites for a fee, and to also advertise on pay per click websites such as Google adwords. Other Internet marketing companies can also be hired to keep keywords high on the search engine lists. Below is a chart demonstrating this.ReferencesBielski, Lauren. (2001). Making the customer relationship work. ABA Banking Journal, 93(3).Chang, Steven Tung-lung. (2004). A holistic framework of e-business strategy the case of Haier in China. Journal of Global Information focal point, 1 April.DiMaggio, P.J. and Powell, W.W. (1993) The iron cage revisited institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields, American Sociological analyze 48(2) 147-160.Doty, D.H., Glick, W.H. and Huber, G.P. (1993) Fit, equifinality, and organizational effectiveness a test of tw o configurational theories, Academy of Management Journal 36(6) 1196-1250.Gresov, C. and Drazin, R. (1997) Equifinality functional equivalence in organization design, Academy of Management Review 22(2) 403-428.Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (1991) Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations, Academy of Management Review 16(4) 768-792.Ohung, Sungmi and Mike Sherman. (2002). Emerging Marketing Companies dont need state-of-the-art tools, long volumes of customer information, and armies of experts to use continuous relationship marketing effectively. The McKinsey Quarterly, 62+.Stern, Barbara B. (1997). Advertising Intimacy Relationship marketing and the services consumer. Journal of Advertising, 26 (4), 7+.Theodosiou, M. and Leonidou, L.C. (2003) normalization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy an integrative assessment of the empirical research, International Business Review 12(2) 141-1 71.

Rauschenbusch: A Man Ahead of His Time :: essays research papers

Rauschenbusch A Man Ahead of His Time Theology is the esoteric thought of the Church. (WR 15) What is meant by this is that piety is a part of the Church that is very mysterious and confusing to most laymen. Rauschenbusch has introduced many advanced ideas into the theological point of view. Rauschenbusch tries to explain that the social gospel singing is here to help deal pull more from divinity fudge than just jargon that they dont understand. One of Rauschenbuchs main points through give away his book A Theology for the Social Gospel is that man uses the thought of Adam being responsible for original sin and therefore everyone is born into sin. Jonathan Kozol, the author of Amazing Grace, went to the deprive city of Mott Haven to observe the motivation of the citizens amidst a town where sin is around every street corner. He examined the meaning of life and the little fortune the citizens of Mott Haven had to escape their unfortunate circumstances. Through Walter Rauschen buschs A Theology for the Social Gospel one can find the answers to the questions of sin and the heavy battlefront of sin. The excuse of using Adam as a reason to rid men of their responsibilities is one of the biggest mistakes theologians make, but Rauschenbusch has tried to set things straight by pointing out that those sinful behaviors are learned through your lifestyle and surroundings.Rauschenbusch has introduced many new ideas into the theological point of view. He still uses many of the same ideas of the old theology, but has just made some important changes to add his own thoughts on what theology should be about and how it should be used to influence peoples daily lives throughout the world. Rauschenbusch says,Theology is not superior to the gospel. It exists to aid the preaching of salvation. Its business is to make the essential facts and principles of Christianity so simple and clearthat totally who preach or teach the gospelcan draw on its stores and deliver a complet e and unclouded Christian message. When the progress of humanity creates new tasksor new problemstheology must connect these old fundamentals of our faith and make them Christian tasks and problems. (WR 6)He is saying that basically the social gospel is an aid to help people understand what their salvation is and how to achieve salvation, but while doing this not using complicated jargon to confuse the laymen.

Abe Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in the Kentucky wilderness. When be was a little boy his Grandfather fought in the Revolutionary War. He had a little sister by the yell of Sarah.          As he went to school he met a boy by the name of Austin. They instantly became friends more so best of friends. At first Abe wasnt allowed to go to school because he didnt have a good pair of britches. In his enjoyment he loved to read.     When Abe was eleven, his mother died of what they called "milk sick" which occurred from drinking unpasteurized milk. That was four age after(prenominal) they moved to a new farm in southern Indiana. He had to live in an open shed throughout the winter. The same year his mother died, his father remarried. He married Sarah Bush Johnson. She brought deuce-ace kids and a cousin Dennis Hanks.     When Abe was nineteen, he worked as a boatman and make his first trip down the Mississippi River to New siege of Orleans, the center of the slave trade.     When Abe was twenty-one, he moved with his family to Illinois. However Abes brother Thomas didnt make it to Illinois because he died of influenza. Soon after Abe made his second trip on the flatboat to New Orleans to defend the blacks and fight slavery. Abe served as a captain in the Black Hawk War and was defeated. Abe came back to Illinois and not long after was elected to the evidence Legislature and soon became one of the most promising young Whig party leaders.     When Abe was thirty-three, he married Mary Todd on November 4,1842. Over the next eleven years the two would have four children their names were Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas. Not long after their marriage Abe became a lawyer and practiced in Springfield, Illinois. Not long after that Abe was elected to Congress. While in Congress it was said that Abe had a secret r omance with Ann Rutledge sadly, Ann died in 1835. Also during his reign in Congress Abe proposed that slave owners in the District of Columbia he lost a lot of popularity when doing so. Abe and his counter part Douglas debated each other over the expansion of slavery into the territories. As these debates went on a man by the name of John Brown attempted to start a rebellion by leading an attack on Harpers Ferry.

Cutting the OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) :: essays research papers

CUTTING THE OSINTThe main problem with cutting back or eliminating any intelligence gathering discipline is the possible problem of the loss of education that can be utilized to derive intelligence. All information that can be collected should be gathered, processed, and disseminated to the all-source fusion business office in order to in all draw the best picture of an investigated situation.In the latter half of the twentieth century a burst of electronic technology occurred and developed an astounding hail of information via the Internet that is growing with to a greater extent information by the minute. Most of the information that is publicly visible(prenominal) is gathered by a resource cognize as open-source intelligence (OSINT). Due to budget cutting and having to eliminate one INT, the OSINT must be considered for the following reasons. One of the main problems with OSINT is that there is so much information it is sometimes difficult to figure out what to collect and w hat not to collect. An analyst trying to scan through the tons of data in order to find quality information for a request can spend hours trapped in research. Albeit, the Internet is not the only tool available to an OSINT analyst, the majority of other information can be found somewhere on the world-wide-web via electronic city maps, business web sites, etc.This leads to the next point of availability to everyone. The analysts from the other disciplines HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, and MASINT, most certainly have the Internet available. Many times there is not a need to put in a request for an OSINT analyst to research out information that is readily available to an analyst. The time that it takes an analyst from the HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, MASINT, or an all-source fusion agency to put in a request to an OSINT analyst and place a product on pause is not practical. Time could be better spent conducting the research within the INT or all-source fusion entity and thus bringing a more favora ble result in the information found.Many times information disseminated from other INTs to an all-source fusion agency can be the wrong information, or the consumer could also be asking the wrong request for information from the OSINT analyst. If each analyst conducts the research, there is no query as to whether the question is answered correctly or not. This can eliminate the process of having to conduct double work on the same request and save more time and money overall.

Soliloquies of Shakespeares Hamlet - The To be or not to be Soliloqu

Hamlet -- the To be or non to be Soliloquy In William Shakespeares dramatic tragedy Hamlet the fourth of the seven soliloquies by the hero is generally considered exceptional and more famous than the others. This essay will examine and go this soliloquy, and explore the reasons for its fame. This famous soliloquy manifests the expression of very deep and involutioning emotions. Ruth Nevo in Acts three and IV Problems of Text and Staging explains the basic conflict within the heros most famous To be or not to be soliloquy Since we know what Hamlets obligatory assess is, we cannot but register the possibility that the taking of arms and the enterprises of great pitch and moment refer to the killing of Claudius, though the logic of the syntax makes them refer to the self-slaughter which is the issuing of the whole disquisition. And conversely, because self-slaughter is the ostensible subject of the whole disquisition, we cannot read the speech simply as a case of conscience i n the matter of revenge Christian revenge and the secular sanctions and motivations of honor. (46) Is the fourth soliloquy addressing only the princes specific situation? Or is it applicable universally to humankind? Lawrence Danson in the essay tragical Alphabet discusses the most famous of soliloquies as involving an eternal dilemma The problem of times discrediting effects upon human actions and intentions is what makes Hamlets To be, or not to be soliloquy eternal dilemma rather than fulfilled dialectic. Faced with the uncertainty of any action, an uncertainty that extends even to the afterlife, Hamlet, too, finds the wick or snuff of which Claudius speaks frankincense conscience by... ...ons Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from The Motives of Eloquence Literary Rhetoric in the Renaissance. N.p. Yale University Press, 1976. Levin, Harry. An Explication of the Players Speech. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from The Question of Hamlet. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1959. Nevo, Ruth. Acts III and IV Problems of Text and Staging. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rpt. from Tragic Form in Shakespeare. N.p. Princeton University Press, 1972. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No problem nos.

Teens, Sex, and Virginity - Teenagers and the Importance of Abstinence

striplingagers and the Importance of Abstinence Teenagers need to be taught to practice abstinence. By learning this important slighton, youths will be less likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases, and they will be safe from unwanted pregnancies that could lead to abortions. Three million people under the age of 20 in the United States become infected with a sexually transmitted disease each year. With 66 percent of high school students having had intercourse by graduation, these numbers are not surprising (Planned Parenthood-Helping Young). The effects of sexually transmitted diseases can be devastating. Once a person contracts herpes, he must flock with it for the rest of his life. The HIV virus puts a person on the fast track to death. Growing up is hard enough for a child without having to spirit his own mortality. I learned all I wanted to know about sexually transmitted diseases while attending religious school at my synagogue. I was 13 at the time, but I still remember the experience vividly eight years later. One Wednesday night, the rabbis called all of the eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh graders into the chapel service for a special program. One of the teachers had prepared a slide show to demonstrate the effects that a sexually transmitted disease had on the human being body. The first several pictures were not too bad, showing not much more than some bumps around a girls mouth. As the show progressed, the slides got more gruesome. A mans genitals with large sores displayed the effects of herpes. Another slide showed the bottom of a girls foot that had a hole the size of a quarter in it, the STD take in away at it like termites do an old house. I never have forgotten that night, and I wish that every child ... ...ng People to confine Intercourse. 21 Mar. 1999. http//www.plannedparenthood.org/library/TEEN-Pregnancy/helpyoung.html>. Planned Parenthood. What to Expect if You Choose Abortion. 21 Mar. 1999. http//www.plannedpare nthood.org/abortion/what-to-expect.htm>. Powell, Betsy. Dangers of Teen Abortion. San Francisco Chronicle 5 Apr. 1996 A23 Teen Pregnancy. CDC State-by-State Pregnancy Rates for Teens 15-19. 21 Mar. 1999. http//www.teenpregnancy.org/govrates.htm>. Teen Pregnancy. Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats. 21 Mar. 1999. http//www.teenpregnancy.org/factstats.htm> Teen Pregnancy. Teen Voices. 21 Mar. 1999. http//www.teenpregnancy.org/teen/voices.html> Thomas, Cal. The Wrong Message. World Magazine. 11 Oct. 1997. Vol. 12, No. 21. Also found at http//www. humansmag.com/world/issue/10-11-97/national_2.asp>.